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Y7 21/22 > Everything! > Flashcards

Everything! Flashcards

1
Q

Once added to a blockchain, records….

A

cannot be changed

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2
Q

Packet trailer contains

A

Error checking

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3
Q

Convert 0111 to denary

A

7

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4
Q

Name 4 facts about the binary number system

A
  • 0 or 1 (2 digits)- Base 2- Used by computers- Uses more digits for the same number
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5
Q

URL

A

uniform resource locator

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6
Q

What are robots?

A

A robot is a mechanical device that performs an action

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7
Q

What are some examples of real-world robots?

A

Drones and manufacturing robots

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8
Q

Cryptocurrency payments over the internet are secure because

A

they are encrypted

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9
Q

Blockchains are accessible by…

A

every connected computer

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10
Q

Advantages of packets/packet switching

A

Easier to control than a stream of data, packets can go different routes in case route is busy/broken and allows high transmission of data

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11
Q

Bank of England and Bank of Korea are examples of

A

central banks

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12
Q

Convert 1011 to denary

A

11

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13
Q

What’s a text address used to access websites?

A

URL

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14
Q

Name 4 facts about the denary number system

A
  • 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, (10 digits)- Base 10- Used by humans- Uses less digits for the same number
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15
Q

All websites and webpages are known as

A

the world wide web (www)

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16
Q

Payments can be sent digitally over the internet using…

A

Credit cards, Paypal, Apple Pay, Kakaopay and more!

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17
Q

How are robots controlled?

A

They can be controlled by a person, automated or a mixture

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18
Q

Payments are made for cryptocurrencies using…

A

blockchain

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19
Q

The central authority for currencies are

A

banks

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20
Q

The world wide web the name for

A

all websites and webpages

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21
Q

Packet headers contain

A

sender IP address, receiver IP address, size in bytes

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22
Q

Computers store everything as __________

A

binary

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23
Q

Blockchains record…

A

All payments with time and date stamps

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24
Q

A collection of webpages is called

A

a website

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25
Q

What is a USB port?

A

A socket in a device/computer that allows you to plug in a cable

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26
Q

What number system do these facts describe?- 0 or 1 (2 digits)- Base 2- Used by computers- Uses more digits for the same number

A

Binary

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27
Q

CPUs are made of billions of _______

A

switches

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28
Q

A blockchain is like a

A

digital ledger or list of all records of payment

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29
Q

Name 5 types of data

A

sound, video, images, text, numbers, facts

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30
Q

Banks are the ________ _________ for currencies

A

central authority

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31
Q

URLs are made up of 3 things….

A

protocol, domain, webpage

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32
Q

Packets are made up of

A

Header / Payload (Data) / Trailer

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33
Q

_______ -> process -> information

A

data -> process -> information

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34
Q

What are sound, video, images, text, numbers, facts known as?

A

types of data

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35
Q

Convert 1101 to denary

A

13

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36
Q

What are advantages of USBs?

A

simple interface - cable only works one way so less chance of errors // relatively high speed data transfer // universal - lots of devices use USB // can be used for power // automatically detected by computer to transfer

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37
Q

What are disadvantages of USBs?

A

Cables are limited to 5m usually // not as fast as other cables e.g. network cables

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38
Q

Packet payload contains

A

The actual data (around 64kb)

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39
Q

Packets are used to….

A

Send data from one device to another over a network

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40
Q

What are some other areas where you might find robots?

A

Medicine, agriculture, transport, industry, entertainment and domestic

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41
Q

An infrastructure is a way of describing

A

the internet

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42
Q

No central authority is also called

A

Decentralised

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43
Q

Inside every computer is a ______

A

CPU

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44
Q

data -> process -> _________

A

data -> process -> information

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45
Q

What are the features of a robot?

A

Sensors, mechanical structure, actuators and microprocessor

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46
Q

Examples of cryptocurrencies are

A

bitcoin, dogecoin, ethereum, cardano

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47
Q

Convert 1001 to denary

A

9

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48
Q

How does packet switching work?

A

Each packet broken down at sender, sent independently, route decided by routers, receiver reassembles

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49
Q

What kinds of USB are there?

A

USB ports, USB cables, USB connections, USB devices

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50
Q

bitcoin, dogecoin, ethereum, cardano are examples of

A

cryptocurrencies

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51
Q

What has no central authority for payments?

A

cryptocurrencies

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52
Q

Blockchain is how _________ payments are made

A

Cryptocurrency

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53
Q

What are some advantages of robots?

A

strength, repetition, work in dangerous or extreme places, consistent, can work 24/7

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54
Q

analogue data is experienced by _________

A

humans

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55
Q

What’s a USB connection?

A

Anything that uses a USB cable plugged into a port

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56
Q

In robots what is the microprocessor for?

A

To take the reading from the sensor and then decide what to do

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57
Q

What can you do on the internet?

A

send/receive emails, chatting (video, text, audio), share files

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58
Q

USB

A

Universal Serial Bus

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59
Q

Packets are sent along different ________

A

routes

60
Q

Protocol, domain and webpage are part of….

A

URLs

61
Q

In robots, what are actuators?

A

Actuators make it move - its arms, wheels or attachments

62
Q

The internet uses transmission _________ and internet ___________

A

protocols

63
Q

The internet can be described as….

A

an infrastructure

64
Q

Every website and webpage has a

A

URL

65
Q

What’s a USB device?

A

Anything that plugs into a USB port

66
Q

data -> ________ -> information

A

data -> process -> information

67
Q

In robots, what is the mechanical structure?

A

the body

68
Q

Websites are a collection of

A

webpages

69
Q

What are some disadvantages of robots?

A

Expensive to buy, expensive to maintain, require a lot of power, take human jobs, limited by their programming

70
Q

What’s a USB cable?

A

Type of cable that transmits data OR provides power

71
Q

Digital payments over the internet are secure because they are

A

Encrypted

72
Q

Decentralised

A

means no central authority

73
Q

In robots, what do sensors do?

A

Record its environment

74
Q

Data is sent from one device to another over a network using ___________

A

packets

75
Q

An example of a central bank is….

A

Bank of England, Bank of Korea

76
Q

Cryptocurrency has no ________ _________

A

central authority

77
Q

Computers convert ________ data to ________ data

A

Computers convert analogue data to digital data

78
Q

humans experience _________ data in the real world

A

analogue

79
Q

All parts connected in a huge network is called an

A

infrastructure

80
Q

An infrastructure means all…

A

parts are connected in a huge network

81
Q

What number system do these facts describe?- 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, (10 digits)- Base 10- Used by humans- Uses less digits for the same number

A

Denary

82
Q

What does text have to be converted to to be processed by a computer?

A

binary

83
Q

What do computers process all data as?

A

binary

84
Q

What does a computer use to convert text to binary?

A

a character set

85
Q

What do computers use character sets for?

A

To convert text to binary

86
Q

What are the two main types of character sets?

A

ASCII and UNICODE

87
Q

What are ASCII and UNICODE

A

Two main types of character sets to convert text to binary

88
Q

What is ASCII used for?

A

Represents characters using 8-bit binary numbers

89
Q

What’s a disadvantage of ASCII?

A

Its limited to 256 characters

90
Q

UNICODE can represent characters using …..

A

8, 16 or 32-bit binary numbers

91
Q

Why do we use UNICODE?

A

To allow more characters, alphabets and symbols like emojis

92
Q

How do we allow more characters, alphabets and symbols like emojis?

A

UNICODE

93
Q

Sound is a____________

A

analogue

94
Q

Sound waves need to be __________ to be stored in a computer

A

sampled

95
Q

Sampling happens at

A

regular time intervals

96
Q

Sampling rate =

A

number of samples per second (in hertz, Hz)

97
Q

Higher sampling rate or larger resolution =

A

better quality sound, larger file size

98
Q

Name 3 drawbacks of larger sampling resolution when recording sound

A

larger file size, takes longer to transmit/download data, requires greater processing power

99
Q

Name 3 benefits of larger sampling resolution when recording sound

A

larger dynamic range, better sound quality, less sound distortion

100
Q

bits per sample =

A

sampling resolution / bit depth

101
Q

Pixels are represented in

A

binary

102
Q

Black and white images only require ______ per pixel

A

1 bit

103
Q

Number of bits used to represent each colour is called

A

colour depth

104
Q

Image resolution means

A

pixels high vs pixels wide

105
Q

Lower image resolution means

A

Less image detail

106
Q

Whats the main drawback of using high resolution images?

A

Increase in file size

107
Q

Colours are created using different amounts of

A

Red Green and Blue (RGB)

108
Q

What does encryption mean?

A

Encryption alters the data into a form that is unreadable by strangers

109
Q

Scrambles data for secure transmission

A

encryption

110
Q

What does encryption mean?

A

Encryption alters the data into a form that is unreadable by strangers

111
Q

Scrambles data for secure transmission

A

encryption

112
Q

Why is encryption effective?

A

If the data is stolen it’s meaningless

113
Q

What is the purpose of encryption?

A

There’s always a risk of interception when transmitting data over a public network, encryption reduces the risk

114
Q

What’s plaintext?

A

the original data being sent

115
Q

What’s ciphertext?

A

Plaintext after it goes through encryption algorithm

116
Q

Plaintext is

A

Not secure

117
Q

Ciphertext is

A

Much more secure

118
Q

Plaintext can be read by ________

A

anyone

119
Q

Ciphertext means

A

Text is scrambled using a secret formula

120
Q

Turning plain text to cipher text is called

A

Encryption

121
Q

Turning cipher text back to plain text is called

A

Decryption

122
Q

What are the two main types of encryption?

A

Symmetric and asymmetric

123
Q

What is symmetric encryption?

A

Same key used for encrypting and decrypting

124
Q

Why use symmetric encryption?

A

For encrypting on your own computer

125
Q

Why isn’t symmetric encryption used over networks?

A

Easy for a hacker to intercept cipher and key

126
Q

What is asymmetric encryption?

A

Public and private keys are used, more secure over networks

127
Q

How does asymmetric encryption work?

A

Plain text encrypted via public key, transmitted, decrypted using private key

128
Q

What are real world examples of encryption?

A

HTTPS in browsers, bank transactions

129
Q

How do you make an encryption key more secure?

A

Increase the number of bits used in the key (e.g. 64 - > 128 bit)

130
Q

Same key used for encrypting and decrypting

A

Symmetric encryption

131
Q

Public and private keys are used, more secure over networks

A

Asymmetric encryption

132
Q

What are cookies?

A

Small files or code stored on a user’s computer

133
Q

What are small files or code sent from a webserver and stored on a users computer

A

Cookies

134
Q

Everytime a user visits a website, the site checks if it has set _______ on their ________ before

A

Everytime a user visits a website, the site checks if it has set cookies on their browser before

135
Q

What are the two types of cookies?

A

Session and persistent

136
Q

What are session and persistent types of ?

A

Cookie

137
Q

Which cookie is temporary and don’t collect or store user information?

A

Session cookies

138
Q

Name two facts about session cookies

A

Temporary, don’t store/collect user info

139
Q

Which cookies cease to exist when a browser is closed?

A

Session cookies

140
Q

Session cookies _____ to ______ when a browser is closed

A

cease to exist

141
Q

What are session cookies used for?

A

Temporary shopping baskets

142
Q

Which cookies are used for temporary shopping baskets?

A

Session cookies

143
Q

____ cookies are stored on the hard drive of a users computer

A

persistent cookies

144
Q

Which cookies have an expiry date or stay until deleted?

A

persistent cookies

145
Q

Which cookies remain even after the browser is closed?

A

persistent cookies

146
Q

What are persistant cookies used for?

A

Allow website to remember usernames, passwords, emails, baskets, preferences

147
Q

What kind of user preferences do cookies hold?

A

language, currency, login

Y7 21/22 (1 decks)

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