Everything! Flashcards

1
Q

What number system do these facts describe?- 0 or 1 (2 digits)- Base 2- Used by computers- Uses more digits for the same number

A

Binary

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2
Q

What’s missing from this list of data units - gigabyte, ______, petabyte

A

terabyte

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3
Q

Name 4 facts about the denary number system

A
  • 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, (10 digits)- Base 10- Used by humans- Uses less digits for the same number
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4
Q

KB means

A

kilobyte

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5
Q

The central authority for currencies are

A

banks

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6
Q

An infrastructure means all…

A

parts are connected in a huge network

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7
Q

TB means

A

terabyte

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8
Q

What is artificial intelligence?

A

The development of programs to simulate human behavior.

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9
Q

a bit is either a __ or a __

A

1 or 0

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10
Q

Binary digit can be shortened to…

A

bit

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11
Q

What is image recognition?

A

identify objects or people in an image

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12
Q

An example of a central bank is….

A

Bank of England, Bank of Korea

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13
Q

Packets are made up of

A

Header / Payload (Data) / Trailer

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14
Q

The world wide web the name for

A

all websites and webpages

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15
Q

What is full-duplex?

A

Both directions at the same time, example is broadband internet or online gaming

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16
Q

EB means

A

exabyte

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17
Q

What is unsupervised machine learning?

A

Unsupervised means that data is input, and then the program learns from the data.

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18
Q

The smallest piece of computer memory is

A

a bit

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19
Q

Cryptocurrency payments over the internet are secure because

A

they are encrypted

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20
Q

Inside every computer is a ______

A

CPU

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21
Q

Cryptocurrency has no ________ _________

A

central authority

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22
Q

What has no central authority for payments?

A

cryptocurrencies

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23
Q

How do expert systems work?

A

System asks questions to determine the solution, depending on answers given it will ask different questions

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24
Q

In expert systems, what’s an inference engine?

A

Decides which question to ask next or which answer it gives

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25
Q

How many bits in a nibble?

A

4

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26
Q

What is speech recognition?

A

Identify words spoken by humans and store them

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27
Q

Both directions at the same time describes what?

A

Full-duplex data transmission

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28
Q

All parts connected in a huge network is called an

A

infrastructure

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29
Q

4 bits is called a

A

nibble

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30
Q

Blockchains record…

A

All payments with time and date stamps

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31
Q

Blockchains are accessible by…

A

every connected computer

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32
Q

A single 1 or 0 is called a

A

bit

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33
Q

Bank of England and Bank of Korea are examples of

A

central banks

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34
Q

data -> process -> _________

A

data -> process -> information

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35
Q

What is the ability to adapt and learn in AI?

A

Not all AI does this, its known as machine learning and requires training a program

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36
Q

Computers convert ________ data to ________ data

A

Computers convert analogue data to digital data

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37
Q

What is a diagnosis system in AI?

A

e.g. to diagnose medical problems

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38
Q

IP address = ______ ______ address

A

Internet protocol address

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39
Q

A collection of webpages is called

A

a website

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40
Q

Data is sent from one device to another using ___________

A

packets

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41
Q

In expert systems, what’s a user interface?

A

Outputs questions and other statements to the user and allows them to enter data

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42
Q

What is the ability to reason in AI?

A

An area of logic. In logic you have rules and can develop facts

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43
Q

Websites are a collection of

A

webpages

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44
Q

URL

A

uniform resource locator

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45
Q

How many megabytes in a gigabyte?

A

1024

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46
Q

What is machine learning?

A

A system that has the ability to learn and adapt, and change their own rules and logic. It involves training.

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47
Q

What is supervised machine learning?

A

Supervised means that user is telling the program what its data means.

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48
Q

What are programmed rules in AI?

A

Programs use rules to make decisions

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49
Q

Digital payments over the internet are secure because they are

A

Encrypted

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50
Q

What’s missing from this list of data units - megabyte, ______, terabyte

A

gigabyte

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51
Q

In expert systems, what’s a knowledge base?

A

list of facts

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52
Q

Once added to a blockchain, records….

A

cannot be changed

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53
Q

What is half-duplex?

A

both directions but NOT at the same time, example is walkie-talkie

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54
Q

No central authority as also called

A

Decentralised

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55
Q

Both directions NOT at the same time describes what?

A

Half-duplex data transmission

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56
Q

A blockchain is like a

A

digital ledger or list of all records of payment

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57
Q

Name 2 facts about IP addresses

A

IP addresses can change // You can’t access the internet without an IP address

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58
Q

Describe data transmission

A

Signals transmitted from one device to another

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59
Q

Every device that connects to the internet has…

A

An IP address

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60
Q

CPUs are made of billions of _______

A

switches

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61
Q

PB means

A

petabyte

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62
Q

analogue data is experienced by _________

A

humans

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63
Q

Every device that connects to a network is given…

A

An IP address

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64
Q

Order the data units from LARGEST to smallest

A

exabyte, petabyte, terabyte, gigabyte, megabyte, kilobyte, byte, nibble, bit

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65
Q

Banks are the ________ _________ for currencies

A

central authority

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66
Q

8 bits are called a

A

byte

67
Q

1 kilobyte = 1 KB = how many bytes?

A

1024

68
Q

What is collecting data in AI?

A

programs need data input - data might come from users or from sensors

69
Q

Name 4 facts about the binary number system

A
  • 0 or 1 (2 digits)- Base 2- Used by computers- Uses more digits for the same number
70
Q

Packets are used to….

A

Send data from one device to another over the internet

71
Q

a byte is how many bits?

A

8

72
Q

1 megabyte = 1MB = how many KB?

A

1024

73
Q

What’s missing from this list of data units - nibble, ______, kilobyte

A

byte

74
Q

humans experience _________ data in the real world

A

analogue

75
Q

How many petabytes in an exabyte?

A

1024

76
Q

Order the data units from SMALLEST to largest

A

bit, nibble, byte, kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, terabyte, petabyte, exabyte

77
Q

a bit is

A

the smallest piece of computer memory

78
Q

Examples of cryptocurrencies are

A

bitcoin, dogecoin, ethereum, cardano

79
Q

Payments can be sent digitally over the internet using…

A

Credit cards, Paypal, Apple Pay, Kakaopay and more!

80
Q

Name 2 facts about IP addresses

A

IP addresses can change // You can’t access the internet without an IP address

81
Q

What are the features of expert systems?

A

Knowledge base, rule base, inference engine, user interface

82
Q

What’s an example of an online expert system?

A

Online chat bot to help you with a problem

83
Q

All websites and webpages are known as

A

the world wide web (www)

84
Q

An infrastructure is a way of describing

A

the internet

85
Q

What are the features of AI programs?

A

collect data, programmed rules, ability to reason, ability to learn and adapt

86
Q

What number system do these facts describe?- 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, (10 digits)- Base 10- Used by humans- Uses less digits for the same number

A

Denary

87
Q

The internet can be described as….

A

an infrastructure

88
Q

Protocol, domain and webpage are part of….

A

URLs

89
Q

MB means

A

megabyte

90
Q

What is an expert system?

A

An attempt to emulate the expertise of a human, e.g. doctor or engineer

91
Q

What’s missing from this list of data units - bit, ______, byte, kilobyte…

A

nibble

92
Q

What use is AI in computer games?

A

to move elements or characters independently based on the environment

93
Q

What is simplex

A

data sent in one direction only, example is computer to printer

94
Q

What are types of AI?

A

image recognition, speech recognition, natural language, computer games, diagnostic systems

95
Q

What are sound, video, images, text, numbers, facts known as?

A

types of data

96
Q

Decentralised

A

means no central authority

97
Q

Name 5 types of data

A

sound, video, images, text, numbers, facts

98
Q

Blockchain is how _________ payments are made

A

Cryptocurrency

99
Q

bitcoin, dogecoin, ethereum, cardano are examples of

A

cryptocurrencies

100
Q

What is natural language?

A

To receive a command or instruction that is not in a set format and perform the required task (e.g. Siri question)

101
Q

Payments are made for cryptocurrencies using…

A

blockchain

102
Q

data -> ________ -> information

A

data -> process -> information

103
Q

One direction only describes what?

A

Simplex data transmission

104
Q

How many terabytes in a petabyte?

A

1024

105
Q

What are the 8 bit binary placeholders?

A

128 / 64 / 32 / 16 / 8 / 4 / 2 / 1

106
Q

_______ -> process -> information

A

data -> process -> information

107
Q

Packets are sent along different ________

A

routes

108
Q

IP address = ______ ______ address

A

Internet protocol address

109
Q

How many gigabytes in a terabyte?

A

1024

110
Q

Packets are usually around ______ in size

A

64kb

111
Q

Computers store everything as __________

A

binary

112
Q

URLs are made up of 3 things….

A

protocol, domain, webpage

113
Q

Every website and webpage has a

A

URL

114
Q

In expert systems, what’s a rule base?

A

Links the facts

115
Q

What are the 12 bit binary placeholders?

A

2048 / 1024 / 512 / 256 / 128 / 64 / 32 / 16 / 8 / 4 / 2 / 1

116
Q

GB means

A

gigabyte

117
Q

What is meant by phishing?

A

Creator sends out legitimate looking email; as soon as recipient clicks on a link in the email/attachment, the user is sent to a fake website

118
Q

What are the effects of phishing?

A

Loss of personal data such as bank account numbers. Can also lead to identity theft.

119
Q

How to prevent phishing?

A

Be aware and cautious when opening emails or attachments. Use anti-phishing software. Look for HTTPS

120
Q

What’s spear phishing?

A

Attacks a specific individual to gain access to sensitive information

121
Q

What’s the difference between phishing and spear phishing?

A

Spear phishing attacks one person, phishing attacks many

122
Q

What’s the aim of phishing?

A

Steal personal data like credit cards and bank information

123
Q

What is meant by pharming?

A

vicitim clicks a link and malicious code installed on their computer which redirects to fake website to steal personal information

124
Q

How do you prevent pharming?

A

Install anti-malware, don’t click suspicious links

125
Q

What’s a virus?

A

Replicates itself, corrupts data

126
Q

What’s a worm?

A

Replicates itself, finds weaknesses in networks and slows them down

127
Q

What’s spyware?

A

Records actions on a computer

128
Q

What’s an example of spyware?

A

Keylogger

129
Q

What’s a trojan horse?

A

Used to disguise other malware

130
Q

What’s adware?

A

Designed to create advert banners and popups when online

131
Q

What’s ransomware?

A

Encrypts data so you can’t access it, creators demand ransom to give it back

132
Q

What replicates itself, corrupts data?

A

Viruses

133
Q

What replicates itself, finds weaknesses in networks and slows them down?

A

Worms

134
Q

What records actions on a computer?

A

Spyware

135
Q

What’s a keylogger?

A

Example of spyware

136
Q

What’s used to disguise other malware?

A

Trojan horse

137
Q

What’s designed to create advert banners and popups when online?

A

Adware

138
Q

What encrypts data so you can’t access it, creators demand ransom to give it back?

A

Ransomware

139
Q

Name three protections against malware

A

Anti-malware, firewalls, backups

140
Q

What 3 things does anti-malware do?

A

Scans, quarantines and deletes any malware found

141
Q

What’s a firewall?

A

Helps prevent malware - looks at data coming in and out of a computer

142
Q

What scans, quarantines and deletes any malware found?

A

Anti-malware

143
Q

What helps prevent malware - looks at data coming in and out of a computer?

A

Firewalls

144
Q

What looks for spyware?

A

Anti-spyware

145
Q

All forms of data need to be converted into ________

A

binary

146
Q

All forms of ______ need to be converted to binary

A

data

147
Q

Computers represent: ____ = 1 and _____ = 0

A

ON = 1, OFF = 0

148
Q

Computers _________ all data as binary

A

process

149
Q

Computers use a c_______ p_______ u______

A

central processing unit

150
Q

Convert 0110 to denary

A

6

151
Q

Convert 01101 to denary

A

13

152
Q

Convert 101010 to denary

A

42

153
Q

Convert 11111 to denary

A

31

154
Q

Convert 0101 1101 to denary

A

93

155
Q

What are the 8 bit binary placeholders?

A

128 / 64 / 32 / 16 / 8 / 4 / 2 / 1

156
Q

What are the 12 bit binary placeholders?

A

2048 / 1024 / 512 / 256 / 128 / 64 / 32 / 16 / 8 / 4 / 2 / 1

157
Q

Denary is used by _____

A

humans

158
Q

Binary is used by ______

A

computers

159
Q

Denary is base __

A

10

160
Q

Binary is base __

A

2

161
Q

____ is base 10

A

denary

162
Q

____ is base 2

A

binary

163
Q

Denary number system facts

A

Base 10, used by humans, less digits for numbers, 0-9

164
Q

Binary number system facts

A

Base 2, used by computers, more digits for numbers, 0 & 1