Everything! Flashcards
What number system do these facts describe?- 0 or 1 (2 digits)- Base 2- Used by computers- Uses more digits for the same number
Binary
What’s missing from this list of data units - gigabyte, ______, petabyte
terabyte
Name 4 facts about the denary number system
- 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, (10 digits)- Base 10- Used by humans- Uses less digits for the same number
KB means
kilobyte
The central authority for currencies are
banks
An infrastructure means all…
parts are connected in a huge network
TB means
terabyte
What is artificial intelligence?
The development of programs to simulate human behavior.
a bit is either a __ or a __
1 or 0
Binary digit can be shortened to…
bit
What is image recognition?
identify objects or people in an image
An example of a central bank is….
Bank of England, Bank of Korea
Packets are made up of
Header / Payload (Data) / Trailer
The world wide web the name for
all websites and webpages
What is full-duplex?
Both directions at the same time, example is broadband internet or online gaming
EB means
exabyte
What is unsupervised machine learning?
Unsupervised means that data is input, and then the program learns from the data.
The smallest piece of computer memory is
a bit
Cryptocurrency payments over the internet are secure because
they are encrypted
Inside every computer is a ______
CPU
Cryptocurrency has no ________ _________
central authority
What has no central authority for payments?
cryptocurrencies
How do expert systems work?
System asks questions to determine the solution, depending on answers given it will ask different questions
In expert systems, what’s an inference engine?
Decides which question to ask next or which answer it gives
How many bits in a nibble?
4
What is speech recognition?
Identify words spoken by humans and store them
Both directions at the same time describes what?
Full-duplex data transmission
All parts connected in a huge network is called an
infrastructure
4 bits is called a
nibble
Blockchains record…
All payments with time and date stamps
Blockchains are accessible by…
every connected computer
A single 1 or 0 is called a
bit
Bank of England and Bank of Korea are examples of
central banks
data -> process -> _________
data -> process -> information
What is the ability to adapt and learn in AI?
Not all AI does this, its known as machine learning and requires training a program
Computers convert ________ data to ________ data
Computers convert analogue data to digital data
What is a diagnosis system in AI?
e.g. to diagnose medical problems
IP address = ______ ______ address
Internet protocol address
A collection of webpages is called
a website
Data is sent from one device to another using ___________
packets
In expert systems, what’s a user interface?
Outputs questions and other statements to the user and allows them to enter data
What is the ability to reason in AI?
An area of logic. In logic you have rules and can develop facts
Websites are a collection of
webpages
URL
uniform resource locator
How many megabytes in a gigabyte?
1024
What is machine learning?
A system that has the ability to learn and adapt, and change their own rules and logic. It involves training.
What is supervised machine learning?
Supervised means that user is telling the program what its data means.
What are programmed rules in AI?
Programs use rules to make decisions
Digital payments over the internet are secure because they are
Encrypted
What’s missing from this list of data units - megabyte, ______, terabyte
gigabyte
In expert systems, what’s a knowledge base?
list of facts
Once added to a blockchain, records….
cannot be changed
What is half-duplex?
both directions but NOT at the same time, example is walkie-talkie
No central authority as also called
Decentralised
Both directions NOT at the same time describes what?
Half-duplex data transmission
A blockchain is like a
digital ledger or list of all records of payment
Name 2 facts about IP addresses
IP addresses can change // You can’t access the internet without an IP address
Describe data transmission
Signals transmitted from one device to another
Every device that connects to the internet has…
An IP address
CPUs are made of billions of _______
switches
PB means
petabyte
analogue data is experienced by _________
humans
Every device that connects to a network is given…
An IP address
Order the data units from LARGEST to smallest
exabyte, petabyte, terabyte, gigabyte, megabyte, kilobyte, byte, nibble, bit
Banks are the ________ _________ for currencies
central authority
8 bits are called a
byte
1 kilobyte = 1 KB = how many bytes?
1024
What is collecting data in AI?
programs need data input - data might come from users or from sensors
Name 4 facts about the binary number system
- 0 or 1 (2 digits)- Base 2- Used by computers- Uses more digits for the same number
Packets are used to….
Send data from one device to another over the internet
a byte is how many bits?
8
1 megabyte = 1MB = how many KB?
1024
What’s missing from this list of data units - nibble, ______, kilobyte
byte
humans experience _________ data in the real world
analogue
How many petabytes in an exabyte?
1024
Order the data units from SMALLEST to largest
bit, nibble, byte, kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, terabyte, petabyte, exabyte
a bit is
the smallest piece of computer memory
Examples of cryptocurrencies are
bitcoin, dogecoin, ethereum, cardano
Payments can be sent digitally over the internet using…
Credit cards, Paypal, Apple Pay, Kakaopay and more!
Name 2 facts about IP addresses
IP addresses can change // You can’t access the internet without an IP address
What are the features of expert systems?
Knowledge base, rule base, inference engine, user interface
What’s an example of an online expert system?
Online chat bot to help you with a problem
All websites and webpages are known as
the world wide web (www)
An infrastructure is a way of describing
the internet
What are the features of AI programs?
collect data, programmed rules, ability to reason, ability to learn and adapt
What number system do these facts describe?- 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, (10 digits)- Base 10- Used by humans- Uses less digits for the same number
Denary
The internet can be described as….
an infrastructure
Protocol, domain and webpage are part of….
URLs
MB means
megabyte
What is an expert system?
An attempt to emulate the expertise of a human, e.g. doctor or engineer
What’s missing from this list of data units - bit, ______, byte, kilobyte…
nibble
What use is AI in computer games?
to move elements or characters independently based on the environment
What is simplex
data sent in one direction only, example is computer to printer
What are types of AI?
image recognition, speech recognition, natural language, computer games, diagnostic systems
What are sound, video, images, text, numbers, facts known as?
types of data
Decentralised
means no central authority
Name 5 types of data
sound, video, images, text, numbers, facts
Blockchain is how _________ payments are made
Cryptocurrency
bitcoin, dogecoin, ethereum, cardano are examples of
cryptocurrencies
What is natural language?
To receive a command or instruction that is not in a set format and perform the required task (e.g. Siri question)
Payments are made for cryptocurrencies using…
blockchain
data -> ________ -> information
data -> process -> information
One direction only describes what?
Simplex data transmission
How many terabytes in a petabyte?
1024
What are the 8 bit binary placeholders?
128 / 64 / 32 / 16 / 8 / 4 / 2 / 1
_______ -> process -> information
data -> process -> information
Packets are sent along different ________
routes
IP address = ______ ______ address
Internet protocol address
How many gigabytes in a terabyte?
1024
Packets are usually around ______ in size
64kb
Computers store everything as __________
binary
URLs are made up of 3 things….
protocol, domain, webpage
Every website and webpage has a
URL
In expert systems, what’s a rule base?
Links the facts
What are the 12 bit binary placeholders?
2048 / 1024 / 512 / 256 / 128 / 64 / 32 / 16 / 8 / 4 / 2 / 1
GB means
gigabyte
What is meant by phishing?
Creator sends out legitimate looking email; as soon as recipient clicks on a link in the email/attachment, the user is sent to a fake website
What are the effects of phishing?
Loss of personal data such as bank account numbers. Can also lead to identity theft.
How to prevent phishing?
Be aware and cautious when opening emails or attachments. Use anti-phishing software. Look for HTTPS
What’s spear phishing?
Attacks a specific individual to gain access to sensitive information
What’s the difference between phishing and spear phishing?
Spear phishing attacks one person, phishing attacks many
What’s the aim of phishing?
Steal personal data like credit cards and bank information
What is meant by pharming?
vicitim clicks a link and malicious code installed on their computer which redirects to fake website to steal personal information
How do you prevent pharming?
Install anti-malware, don’t click suspicious links
What’s a virus?
Replicates itself, corrupts data
What’s a worm?
Replicates itself, finds weaknesses in networks and slows them down
What’s spyware?
Records actions on a computer
What’s an example of spyware?
Keylogger
What’s a trojan horse?
Used to disguise other malware
What’s adware?
Designed to create advert banners and popups when online
What’s ransomware?
Encrypts data so you can’t access it, creators demand ransom to give it back
What replicates itself, corrupts data?
Viruses
What replicates itself, finds weaknesses in networks and slows them down?
Worms
What records actions on a computer?
Spyware
What’s a keylogger?
Example of spyware
What’s used to disguise other malware?
Trojan horse
What’s designed to create advert banners and popups when online?
Adware
What encrypts data so you can’t access it, creators demand ransom to give it back?
Ransomware
Name three protections against malware
Anti-malware, firewalls, backups
What 3 things does anti-malware do?
Scans, quarantines and deletes any malware found
What’s a firewall?
Helps prevent malware - looks at data coming in and out of a computer
What scans, quarantines and deletes any malware found?
Anti-malware
What helps prevent malware - looks at data coming in and out of a computer?
Firewalls
What looks for spyware?
Anti-spyware
All forms of data need to be converted into ________
binary
All forms of ______ need to be converted to binary
data
Computers represent: ____ = 1 and _____ = 0
ON = 1, OFF = 0
Computers _________ all data as binary
process
Computers use a c_______ p_______ u______
central processing unit
Convert 0110 to denary
6
Convert 01101 to denary
13
Convert 101010 to denary
42
Convert 11111 to denary
31
Convert 0101 1101 to denary
93
What are the 8 bit binary placeholders?
128 / 64 / 32 / 16 / 8 / 4 / 2 / 1
What are the 12 bit binary placeholders?
2048 / 1024 / 512 / 256 / 128 / 64 / 32 / 16 / 8 / 4 / 2 / 1
Denary is used by _____
humans
Binary is used by ______
computers
Denary is base __
10
Binary is base __
2
____ is base 10
denary
____ is base 2
binary
Denary number system facts
Base 10, used by humans, less digits for numbers, 0-9
Binary number system facts
Base 2, used by computers, more digits for numbers, 0 & 1
