Everything-1-1-Table 1 Flashcards
Define Pathogen
A microorganism that is capable of causing disease.
Define Host
An organism that can receive a pathogen.
Define Infection
The introduction of pathogenic tissue inside a host.
What are the 6 links in the Chain of Infection
- A pathogen existing in the location 2. A reservoir where the pathogen can survive 3. A portal of exit where the pathogen can leave the reservoir 4. A method of transmission form the portal of exit to a host 5. A portal of entry into a host 6. A host that is susceptible to the pathogen
What does OSHA stand for
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
What does CDC stand for
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Define Contamination
The introduction of a particular substance into a specific area or organism.
Define Decontamination
The removal of a harmful substance.
Describe Proper PPE
- Gloves for all patients and cleaning (remove when not necessary) 2. N95 or HEPA mask when suspecting airborne diseases or the possibility of bodily fluid splatter 3. Eye protection when there is possibility of bodily flip splatter 4. Gowns when there is possibility of extensive bodily flip splatter (usually just childbirth) 5. A surgical mask placed on the patient when airborne diseases are suspected and it doesn’t cause harm
What are Standard Precautions
Protocols created by the CDC for interacting with patients safely. This includes hand hygiene, PPE, and decontamination.
Define the Ryan White CARE Act
The Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act is law that was passed by congress in 1990. Named after Ryan White a teenager who contracted AIDS from a tainted blood transfer. It states that that all emergency personal are required to have access to proper procedures and testing facilities in the case of infectious disease.
What is the Sympathetic Nervous System
The system that controls the body’s stress response. Also known as the fight / flight / freeze response.
What is the Parasympathetic Nervous System
The system that controls the body’s day-to-day functions.
What is a Synapse
A juncture between two cells that use neurotransmitters or electrical signals to communicate.
What is a Neurotransmitter
A chemical released from a neuron that travels across a synapse. This causes a fast, short acting response.
What is a Hormone
A chemical released from a gland into the bloodstream. This causes a delayed, prolonged response.
What is a Ganglia
A cluster of neurons that house synapses.
What is a Preganglionic Cell
An axon that carries action potentials from the central nervous system to a ganglia. These are short in the sympathetic system and long in the parasympathetic system.
What is ACh
Acetylcholine is the main chemical used by your peripheral and central nervous system to communicate.
What is a Postganglionic Cell
An axon that carries action potentials from a ganglia to a synapse near the area of effect. These are long in the sympathetic system and short in the parasympathetic system.
What is an Effector Organ
A specific organ or organ system.
What is Epi
Foot on the gas
What is Norepi
Always real see in sympathetic. Foot off the brake
What are the 3 types of Muscles in the body
- Smooth Muscles 2. Skeletal Muscles 3. Cardiac Muscles
Define Vasodilation and Vasoconstriction
Vasodilation is the widening of blood vessels. Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of blood vessels.
Define Alpha Receptors
Smooth Muscle Receptors found on blood vessels that lead to digestive and reproductive organs. When Norepi binds to Alpha Receptors it stimulates vasoconstriction.
Define Beta Receptors
Smooth Muscle Receptors found on blood vessels that lead to cardiac and external skeletal muscles. When Norepi binds to Beta Receptors it stimulates vasodilation.
Describe the process that neurotransmitters play in activating the sympathetic nervous system
The brain sends action potentials down the spinal cord, through Preganglonic Cells, to the Ganglia, where nerve fibers release ACh into the Preganglonic synapse. Once it reaches a critical mass, it creates action potentials in Postganglionic neurons, which carry the signal to Effector Organs, releasing Norepi into the Postganglionic synapse. Norepi binds to Alpha and Beta Receptors on Smooth Muscles, causing vasoconstriction in digestive and reproductive organs and vasodilation in Cardiac and Skeletal muscles.
Describe the process that hormones play in activating the sympathetic nervous system
The brain sends action potentials to the adrenal glands, stimulating the Adrenal Madula, which releases Epi and Norepi into the bloodstream. Epi and Norepi bind to Alpha and Beta Receptors on Smooth Muscles, causing vasoconstriction in digestive and reproductive organs and vasodilation in Cardiac and Skeletal muscles.
Define Stress
Tension crated in the body by stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system.
Define Hypertension
High blood pressure. Systolic: 0 - 1 years 110+ 1 - 3 years 120+ 3 - 5 years 130+ 5 years on 140+
