Everything-1-1-Table 1

Question 1

Define Pathogen

Answer 1

A microorganism that is capable of causing disease.

Question 2

Define Host

Answer 2

An organism that can receive a pathogen.

Question 3

Define Infection

Answer 3

The introduction of pathogenic tissue inside a host.

Question 4

What are the 6 links in the Chain of Infection

Answer 4

1. A pathogen existing in the location 2. A reservoir where the pathogen can survive 3. A portal of exit where the pathogen can leave the reservoir 4. A method of transmission form the portal of exit to a host 5. A portal of entry into a host 6. A host that is susceptible to the pathogen

Question 5

What does OSHA stand for

Answer 5

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Question 6

What does CDC stand for

Answer 6

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Question 7

Define Contamination

Answer 7

The introduction of a particular substance into a specific area or organism.

Question 8

Define Decontamination

Answer 8

The removal of a harmful substance.

Question 9

Describe Proper PPE

Answer 9

1. Gloves for all patients and cleaning (remove when not necessary) 2. N95 or HEPA mask when suspecting airborne diseases or the possibility of bodily fluid splatter 3. Eye protection when there is possibility of bodily flip splatter 4. Gowns when there is possibility of extensive bodily flip splatter (usually just childbirth) 5. A surgical mask placed on the patient when airborne diseases are suspected and it doesn’t cause harm

Question 10

What are Standard Precautions

Answer 10

Protocols created by the CDC for interacting with patients safely. This includes hand hygiene, PPE, and decontamination.

Question 11

Define the Ryan White CARE Act

Answer 11

The Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act is law that was passed by congress in 1990. Named after Ryan White a teenager who contracted AIDS from a tainted blood transfer. It states that that all emergency personal are required to have access to proper procedures and testing facilities in the case of infectious disease.

Question 12

What is the Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 12

The system that controls the body’s stress response. Also known as the fight / flight / freeze response.

Question 13

What is the Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 13

The system that controls the body’s day-to-day functions.

Question 14

What is a Synapse

Answer 14

A juncture between two cells that use neurotransmitters or electrical signals to communicate.

Question 15

What is a Neurotransmitter

Answer 15

A chemical released from a neuron that travels across a synapse. This causes a fast, short acting response.

Question 16

What is a Hormone

Answer 16

A chemical released from a gland into the bloodstream. This causes a delayed, prolonged response.

Question 17

What is a Ganglia

Answer 17

A cluster of neurons that house synapses.

Question 18

What is a Preganglionic Cell

Answer 18

An axon that carries action potentials from the central nervous system to a ganglia. These are short in the sympathetic system and long in the parasympathetic system.

Question 19

What is ACh

Answer 19

Acetylcholine is the main chemical used by your peripheral and central nervous system to communicate.

Question 20

What is a Postganglionic Cell

Answer 20

An axon that carries action potentials from a ganglia to a synapse near the area of effect. These are long in the sympathetic system and short in the parasympathetic system.

Question 21

What is an Effector Organ

Answer 21

A specific organ or organ system.

Question 22

What is Epi

Answer 22

Foot on the gas

Question 23

What is Norepi

Answer 23

Always real see in sympathetic. Foot off the brake

Question 24

What are the 3 types of Muscles in the body

Answer 24

1. Smooth Muscles 2. Skeletal Muscles 3. Cardiac Muscles

Question 25

Define Vasodilation and Vasoconstriction

Answer 25

Vasodilation is the widening of blood vessels. Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of blood vessels.

Question 26

Define Alpha Receptors

Answer 26

Smooth Muscle Receptors found on blood vessels that lead to digestive and reproductive organs. When Norepi binds to Alpha Receptors it stimulates vasoconstriction.

Question 27

Define Beta Receptors

Answer 27

Smooth Muscle Receptors found on blood vessels that lead to cardiac and external skeletal muscles. When Norepi binds to Beta Receptors it stimulates vasodilation.

Question 28

Describe the process that neurotransmitters play in activating the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 28

The brain sends action potentials down the spinal cord, through Preganglonic Cells, to the Ganglia, where nerve fibers release ACh into the Preganglonic synapse. Once it reaches a critical mass, it creates action potentials in Postganglionic neurons, which carry the signal to Effector Organs, releasing Norepi into the Postganglionic synapse. Norepi binds to Alpha and Beta Receptors on Smooth Muscles, causing vasoconstriction in digestive and reproductive organs and vasodilation in Cardiac and Skeletal muscles.

Question 29

Describe the process that hormones play in activating the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 29

The brain sends action potentials to the adrenal glands, stimulating the Adrenal Madula, which releases Epi and Norepi into the bloodstream. Epi and Norepi bind to Alpha and Beta Receptors on Smooth Muscles, causing vasoconstriction in digestive and reproductive organs and vasodilation in Cardiac and Skeletal muscles.

Question 30

Define Stress

Answer 30

Tension crated in the body by stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 31

Define Hypertension

Answer 31

High blood pressure. Systolic: 0 - 1 years 110+ 1 - 3 years 120+ 3 - 5 years 130+ 5 years on 140+