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WH-140 Terms > Everyone Loves Vocab > Flashcards

Everyone Loves Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Allied powers

A

Countries joining forces

Great Britain, France, Japan, Russia in the Great War

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2
Q

Appeasement

A

The making of concessions to an aggressor in order to avoid war

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3
Q

Armistice

A

An agreement to stop fighting

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4
Q

Axis powers

A

World War 2

Nations of Germany, Italy, and Japan formed alliance in 1936

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5
Q

Balance of Trade

A

Selling more good than it buys

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6
Q

Bastille day

A

Storming of the Bastille by citizens, fall of the Bastille

French Revolution

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7
Q

Bay of pigs

A

Location where the CIA invaded Cuba and landed in the bay of pigs

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8
Q

Blitzkrieg

A

“Lightning War”

A form of warfare in which surprise attacks with fast- moving airplanes are followed by massive attacks with infantry forces

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9
Q

Blockade (many)

A

The use of troops or ships to prevent commercial traffic from entering or leaving a city or region

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10
Q

Absolute rule

A

Unlimited power controlling all aspects of society

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11
Q

Bolsheviks

A

A group of revolutionary Russian Marxists who took control of Russia’s government in November 1917

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12
Q

Boyar

A

A landowning noble of Russia

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13
Q

Brinkmanship

A

A policy of threatening to go to war in response to any enemy aggression

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14
Q

Cabinet

A

A group of advisers or ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions.

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15
Q

Capitalism

A

An economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit

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16
Q

Cavaliers

A

Those who remained loyal to Charles

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17
Q

Central powers

A

In world war 1, the nations of Germany and Austria-Hungary, along with the other nations that fought r side

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18
Q

Cold War

A

The state of diplomatic hostility between the US and the Soviet Union in the decades following WW1

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19
Q

Collective bargaining

A

Negotiations between workers and their employers

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20
Q

Colony

A

A land controlled by another nation

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21
Q

Columbian exchange

A

The global transfer of plants, animals, and diseases that occurred during the European colonization of the Americas

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22
Q

Communism

A

An economic system in which all means of production- land, mines, factories, railroads, and businesses- are owned by the people, private property does not exist, and all goods and services are shared equally

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23
Q

Concordat

A

A formal agreement- especially one between the pope and a government, dealing with the control of Church affairs

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24
Q

Congress of Vienna

A

A series of meetings in 1814-1815, during which the European leaders sought to establish long- lasting peace and security after defeat of Napoleon

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25
Q

Conservatives

A

In the first half of the 19th century, a European- usually a wealthy landowner or noble- who wanted to preserve the traditional monarchies of Europe

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26
Q

Constitutional monarchy

A

A system of governing in which the ruler’s power is limited by law

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27
Q

Containment

A

A US foreign policy adopted by president Harry Truman in the late 1940s, in which the United States tried to stop the spread of communism by creating alliances and helping weal countries to resist Soviet advances

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28
Q

Cuban missile crisis

A

Failed Bay of pigs invasion lead to Khrushchev secretly building 42 missile sites in Cuba

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29
Q

D- day

A

Invasion on Germany
Hitler did not know where they would attack
Leads to his downfall

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30
Q

Demilitarization

A

A reduction in a country’s ability to wage war, achieved by disbanding its armed forces and prohibiting it from acquiring weapons

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31
Q

Democratization

A

Process of creating a gov elected by the people

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32
Q

Direct rule

A

Where a ruler rules his people with an iron fist had constrains their rights where they have little rights regarding their own culture and way of life

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33
Q

Divine right

A

The idea that monarchs are gods representatives on earth and so they are answerable only to God

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34
Q

Eastern front

A

WWI this region was along the German Russian border where Russians and Serbs battled Germans, Austrians, and Turks

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35
Q

Economic imperialism

A

Control of the economy that negatively impacted the people

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36
Q

Edict of Nantes

A

1598 declaration in which Henry IV promised Protestants could live in peace in France and set up houses of worship in cities

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37
Q

English civil war

A

1642-1649 Puritan supporters of the parliament battled supporters of England’s monarchy

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38
Q

Enlightened despot

A

One of the 18th century European monarchs inspired by enlightenment ideas to rule justly and respect the rights of subjects

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39
Q

Enlightenment

A

18th century European movement where thinkers attempted to put principals of reason and the scientific method in all parts of society

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40
Q

Exploration

A

Mostly refers to the search for new lands to profit from the resources found there and rise to power by gaining wealth

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41
Q

Faction

A

Smaller groups within the government with different views on the gov

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42
Q

Final solution

A

Hitlers program of systematically killing the Jewish people

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43
Q

French estates

A

Wealthy indulgences in the French people that the common poor rebelled against

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44
Q

French Revolution

A

A time where revolutionists rebelled against the monarchy reign

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45
Q

Geocentrism

A

In the Middle Ages the earth centered view of the universe in which scholars believed that the earth was an immovable object located at the center of the universe

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46
Q

German unification

A

A period of time that resulted in the Franco Prussian war that resulted in the unity of Germany to make a strong German state

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47
Q

Glorious revolution

A

The bloodless overthrow of the English King James II and his replacement by William and Mary

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48
Q

Great fear

A

Wave of senseless panic that spread through the French countryside after the storming of the Bastille in 1789

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49
Q

Great purge

A

A campaign of terror in the Soviet Union during the 1930s, in which Joseph Stalin sought to eliminate all communist party members and other citizens who threatened his power

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50
Q

Guillotine

A

A killing machine with a slanted blade to lead French to say it is the unharmed way of execution

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51
Q

Guilt clause

A

Treaty with Germany that left a legacy of bitterness and hatred in German people

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52
Q

Heliocentrism

A

The theory that the sun is center of the orbiting planets around it

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53
Q

Human nature

A

How humans react and act

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54
Q

Imperialism

A

Policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially

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55
Q

Indirect rule

A

Local officials did more governing

56
Q

Industrial revolution

A

Inventions of more machines that drastically changed people ways of life

57
Q

Inflation

A

Decline in value of money followed by rise in prices of goods and services

58
Q

Iron curtain

A

Cold War: boundary separating communist nations of Eastern Europe from democratic nations of Western Europe

59
Q

Island-hopping

A

Overtaking more than one island

60
Q

Isolationism

A

A policy of avoiding political or military involvement with other countries

61
Q

Jacobin

A

A club that had a leader devoted to the rights of poor people during the French Revolution

62
Q

Joint stock company

A

A business in which investors pool their wealth for a common purpose, then share profits

63
Q

Karl Marx

A

Believed that the industrial revolution enriched the lives of the poor. Beloved that people have been divided into warring classes

64
Q

Kristallnacht

A

“Night of broken glass”
Nov 9, 1938
Nazi storm troopers attacked Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues throughout Germany

65
Q

Labor unions

A

Collective bargaining

Negotiations between workers and employers for higher pay

66
Q

Laissez Faire

A

The idea that government should not interfere with or regulate industries and businesses

67
Q

League of Nations

A

An international association formed after WWI with the goal of keeping peace among nations

68
Q

Lebensarum

A

Living space

Additional territory Germany needed due to overcrowding according to Hitler

69
Q

Liberals

A

European middle class business leader of merchant who wanted to give more political power to elected parliaments

70
Q

Manchuria

A

Koreas northern neighbor

71
Q

Marshall plan

A

US program of economic aid to European countries to help them rebuild after WWI

72
Q

Mercantilism

A

an economic policy where nation wanted increase wealth and power by getting gold and silver and seeking more than buying goods

73
Q

Mercenary

A

Foreign soldiers who fought to get money

74
Q

Middle class

A

A social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, businesspeople, and wealthy farm owners

75
Q

Militarism

A

A policy of glorifying military power and keep a standing army always prepared for war

76
Q

Moderates

A

Wanted some change in French gov, but not as many as the radicals

77
Q

Modernization

A

Act of making countries more modern meant to improve the lifestyle of the citizens and make hard tasks more simple

78
Q

Monarchy

A

Rule of a family who passes the throne down from heir to heir

79
Q

Nationalism

A

Belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation rather than the king or empire

80
Q

Nation state

A

Independent geopolitical unit of ppl having a common culture and identity

81
Q

NATO

A

The North Atlantic Treaty organization

Defense military alliance formed in 1949 by 10 Western European nations, US & Canada

82
Q

Nazism

A

Fascist policies of the national socialist German workers party, based on totalitarianism, belief in racial superiority, and state control of industry

83
Q

Nonaggression

A

Agreement in which nations promise not to attack one another

84
Q

Imperialism- Africa

A

Nigeria ❌

85
Q

Imperialism- India

A

❌

86
Q

Middle passage

A

The voyage that brought captured Africans West Indies and later to north and South Africa to be sold as slaves
Middle leg of tri trade

87
Q

Nuremberg- Laws & Trials

A

A series of court proceedings held in Nuremberg, Germany after WWII in which nazi leaders were tried

88
Q

Parliament

A

A body of representatives that makes laws for a nation

89
Q

Peace of Westphalia

A

Ended the war ❌

90
Q

Pearl Harbor

A

Attack from Japan on Pearl Harbor 1941

91
Q

Philosophy

A

The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline

92
Q

Plebiscite

A

Direct vote in which a country’s people have the opportunity to approve or reject a proposal

93
Q

Propaganda

A

Info or material spread to advance a cause or to damage an opponents cause

94
Q

Protectorate

A

State that is controlled by another state

95
Q

Rationing

A

Saving of materials for soldiers

96
Q

Realpolitik

A

“Politics of reality”

Practice of tough power politics without room for idealism

97
Q

Reform

A

A 16th century movement of religious reform, leading to the founding of Christian churches that rejected the popes authority

98
Q

Reign of terror

A

Robespierre as dictator

Became known as the reign of terror

99
Q

Roundheads

A

Puritans who wore their hair short over their ears

100
Q

Salon

A

A social gathering of intellectuals and artists, like those held in the homes of wealthy women in Paris and other European cities during the Enlightenment

101
Q

Scientific method

A

Logical procedure for gathering info abt the natural world, in which experimentation and observation a used to test hypotheses

102
Q

Scientific revolution

A

A major change in European thought, starting in the mid 1500s in which the study of the natural world began to be characterized by careful observation and questioning of accepted beliefs

103
Q

Scorched earth policy

A

Practice of burning crops and killing livestock during wartime so that the enemy cannot live off the land

104
Q

Seven years war

A

A conflict in Europe, NA, and India lasting from 1756 to 1763 in which the forces of Britain and Prussia battled those of Austria, France, and others

105
Q

Skepticism

A

Philosophy based on the idea that nothing can be known for certain

106
Q

Slavery- Portugal

A

❌

107
Q

Slavery- Spain

A

❌

108
Q

Social contract

A

Agreement by which people define and limit their individual rights, thus creating an organized society or gov

109
Q

Socialism

A

Economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all

110
Q

Sphere of influence

A

A foreign region in which a nation has control over trade and other economic activities

111
Q

State of nature

A

Concept used in philosophy of thinking about life before societies

112
Q

Textile

A

Textile industry of industrialization

113
Q

The Battle of Britain

A

Hitler invasion of Great Britain to knock out Royal Air Force. Defense was strong hand hitler halted attacks

114
Q

Battle of midway

A

A 1942 sea and air battle of WWII, in which American forces defeated Japanese forces in the central pacific

115
Q

Battle of Stalingrad

A

1942-1943 battle of WWII

German forces were defeated in their attempt to capture Stalingrad in the Soviet Union

116
Q

Battle of the bulge

A

1944-1945 battle in which allied forces turned back the last major German offensive of WWII

117
Q

The battle of trafalgar

A

1805 naval battle in which Napoleons forces were defeated by a British fleet under the command of Horatio Nelson

118
Q

The hundred days

A

Hitlers demise

Hundred days of war

119
Q

The restoration

A

Restoration of the monarchy in England

120
Q

Thirty years war

A

Series of wars in Central Europe bt 1618-1648

121
Q

Total war

A

A conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort

122
Q

Totalitarianism- Germany

A

Achieved national unity

German unification

123
Q

Totalitarianism- Russia

A

Stalin used terror and violence to crush rebellions, molds people’s minds through indoctrination, censored material and spewed propaganda, and religious and ethnic persecution

124
Q

Treaty of Versailles

A

Between Germany and allied powers
Germany lost territory; had to repay it in money
Failed treaty

125
Q

Trench warfare

A

Form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield

126
Q

Triangle trade

A

Route of the Atlantic slave trade

127
Q

Triple alliance

A

Military alliance BT Germany, Austria Hungary, and Italy in the years preceding WWI

128
Q

Truman doctrine

A

Announced by pres. Harry Truman in 1947 a US policy of giving economic and military aid to free nations threatened by internal or external opponents

129
Q

Utilitarianism

A

Theory by Jeremy Bentham in the late 1700s that gov actions are useful only if they promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people

130
Q

Utopia

A

Imaginary land described by Thomas More in his book Utopia

Ideal place

131
Q

War of Spanish succession

A

A conflict lasting from 1701-1713 in which a number of European states fought to prevent the bourbon family from controlling Spain as well as France

132
Q

Warsaw Pact

A

Military alliance formed in 1955 by the Soviet Union and seven Eastern European countries

133
Q

Wealth of nations

A

A book written in 1776 by Adam Smith who thought that economic liberty guaranteed economic progress

134
Q

Western front

A

WWI the region of northern France where the forces of the allies and the central powers battled each other

135
Q

Westernization

A

Adoption of the social, political, or economic institutions of western countries

136
Q

WWI causes

A

Nationalism
Industrialization
Rumors
Drive for power and wealth

137
Q

Yalta conference

A

War not over
Leaders of US, Britain, and the Soviet Union met at the Soviet Black Sea resort at yalta. Agree on dividing Germany into zones of occupations controlled by Allies forces

WH-140 Terms (1 decks)

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