Everyone Loves Vocab Flashcards
1
Q
Allied powers
A
Countries joining forces
Great Britain, France, Japan, Russia in the Great War
2
Q
Appeasement
A
The making of concessions to an aggressor in order to avoid war
3
Q
Armistice
A
An agreement to stop fighting
4
Q
Axis powers
A
World War 2
Nations of Germany, Italy, and Japan formed alliance in 1936
5
Q
Balance of Trade
A
Selling more good than it buys
6
Q
Bastille day
A
Storming of the Bastille by citizens, fall of the Bastille
French Revolution
7
Q
Bay of pigs
A
Location where the CIA invaded Cuba and landed in the bay of pigs
8
Q
Blitzkrieg
A
“Lightning War”
A form of warfare in which surprise attacks with fast- moving airplanes are followed by massive attacks with infantry forces
9
Q
Blockade (many)
A
The use of troops or ships to prevent commercial traffic from entering or leaving a city or region
10
Q
Absolute rule
A
Unlimited power controlling all aspects of society
11
Q
Bolsheviks
A
A group of revolutionary Russian Marxists who took control of Russia’s government in November 1917
12
Q
Boyar
A
A landowning noble of Russia
13
Q
Brinkmanship
A
A policy of threatening to go to war in response to any enemy aggression
14
Q
Cabinet
A
A group of advisers or ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions.
15
Q
Capitalism
A
An economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit
16
Q
Cavaliers
A
Those who remained loyal to Charles
17
Q
Central powers
A
In world war 1, the nations of Germany and Austria-Hungary, along with the other nations that fought r side
18
Q
Cold War
A
The state of diplomatic hostility between the US and the Soviet Union in the decades following WW1
19
Q
Collective bargaining
A
Negotiations between workers and their employers
20
Q
Colony
A
A land controlled by another nation
21
Q
Columbian exchange
A
The global transfer of plants, animals, and diseases that occurred during the European colonization of the Americas
22
Q
Communism
A
An economic system in which all means of production- land, mines, factories, railroads, and businesses- are owned by the people, private property does not exist, and all goods and services are shared equally
23
Q
Concordat
A
A formal agreement- especially one between the pope and a government, dealing with the control of Church affairs
24
Q
Congress of Vienna
A
A series of meetings in 1814-1815, during which the European leaders sought to establish long- lasting peace and security after defeat of Napoleon
25
Conservatives
In the first half of the 19th century, a European- usually a wealthy landowner or noble- who wanted to preserve the traditional monarchies of Europe
26
Constitutional monarchy
A system of governing in which the ruler's power is limited by law
27
Containment
A US foreign policy adopted by president Harry Truman in the late 1940s, in which the United States tried to stop the spread of communism by creating alliances and helping weal countries to resist Soviet advances
28
Cuban missile crisis
Failed Bay of pigs invasion lead to Khrushchev secretly building 42 missile sites in Cuba
29
D- day
Invasion on Germany
Hitler did not know where they would attack
Leads to his downfall
30
Demilitarization
A reduction in a country's ability to wage war, achieved by disbanding its armed forces and prohibiting it from acquiring weapons
31
Democratization
Process of creating a gov elected by the people
32
Direct rule
Where a ruler rules his people with an iron fist had constrains their rights where they have little rights regarding their own culture and way of life
33
Divine right
The idea that monarchs are gods representatives on earth and so they are answerable only to God
34
Eastern front
WWI this region was along the German Russian border where Russians and Serbs battled Germans, Austrians, and Turks
35
Economic imperialism
Control of the economy that negatively impacted the people
36
Edict of Nantes
1598 declaration in which Henry IV promised Protestants could live in peace in France and set up houses of worship in cities
37
English civil war
1642-1649 Puritan supporters of the parliament battled supporters of England's monarchy
38
Enlightened despot
One of the 18th century European monarchs inspired by enlightenment ideas to rule justly and respect the rights of subjects
39
Enlightenment
18th century European movement where thinkers attempted to put principals of reason and the scientific method in all parts of society
40
Exploration
Mostly refers to the search for new lands to profit from the resources found there and rise to power by gaining wealth
41
Faction
Smaller groups within the government with different views on the gov
42
Final solution
Hitlers program of systematically killing the Jewish people
43
French estates
Wealthy indulgences in the French people that the common poor rebelled against
44
French Revolution
A time where revolutionists rebelled against the monarchy reign
45
Geocentrism
In the Middle Ages the earth centered view of the universe in which scholars believed that the earth was an immovable object located at the center of the universe
46
German unification
A period of time that resulted in the Franco Prussian war that resulted in the unity of Germany to make a strong German state
47
Glorious revolution
The bloodless overthrow of the English King James II and his replacement by William and Mary
48
Great fear
Wave of senseless panic that spread through the French countryside after the storming of the Bastille in 1789
49
Great purge
A campaign of terror in the Soviet Union during the 1930s, in which Joseph Stalin sought to eliminate all communist party members and other citizens who threatened his power
50
Guillotine
A killing machine with a slanted blade to lead French to say it is the unharmed way of execution
51
Guilt clause
Treaty with Germany that left a legacy of bitterness and hatred in German people
52
Heliocentrism
The theory that the sun is center of the orbiting planets around it
53
Human nature
How humans react and act
54
Imperialism
Policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially
55
Indirect rule
Local officials did more governing
56
Industrial revolution
Inventions of more machines that drastically changed people ways of life
57
Inflation
Decline in value of money followed by rise in prices of goods and services
58
Iron curtain
Cold War: boundary separating communist nations of Eastern Europe from democratic nations of Western Europe
59
Island-hopping
Overtaking more than one island
60
Isolationism
A policy of avoiding political or military involvement with other countries
61
Jacobin
A club that had a leader devoted to the rights of poor people during the French Revolution
62
Joint stock company
A business in which investors pool their wealth for a common purpose, then share profits
63
Karl Marx
Believed that the industrial revolution enriched the lives of the poor. Beloved that people have been divided into warring classes
64
Kristallnacht
"Night of broken glass"
Nov 9, 1938
Nazi storm troopers attacked Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues throughout Germany
65
Labor unions
Collective bargaining
| Negotiations between workers and employers for higher pay
66
Laissez Faire
The idea that government should not interfere with or regulate industries and businesses
67
League of Nations
An international association formed after WWI with the goal of keeping peace among nations
68
Lebensarum
Living space
| Additional territory Germany needed due to overcrowding according to Hitler
69
Liberals
European middle class business leader of merchant who wanted to give more political power to elected parliaments
70
Manchuria
Koreas northern neighbor
71
Marshall plan
US program of economic aid to European countries to help them rebuild after WWI
72
Mercantilism
an economic policy where nation wanted increase wealth and power by getting gold and silver and seeking more than buying goods
73
Mercenary
Foreign soldiers who fought to get money
74
Middle class
A social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, businesspeople, and wealthy farm owners
75
Militarism
A policy of glorifying military power and keep a standing army always prepared for war
76
Moderates
Wanted some change in French gov, but not as many as the radicals
77
Modernization
Act of making countries more modern meant to improve the lifestyle of the citizens and make hard tasks more simple
78
Monarchy
Rule of a family who passes the throne down from heir to heir
79
Nationalism
Belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation rather than the king or empire
80
Nation state
Independent geopolitical unit of ppl having a common culture and identity
81
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty organization
| Defense military alliance formed in 1949 by 10 Western European nations, US & Canada
82
Nazism
Fascist policies of the national socialist German workers party, based on totalitarianism, belief in racial superiority, and state control of industry
83
Nonaggression
Agreement in which nations promise not to attack one another
84
Imperialism- Africa
Nigeria ❌
85
Imperialism- India
❌
86
Middle passage
The voyage that brought captured Africans West Indies and later to north and South Africa to be sold as slaves
Middle leg of tri trade
87
Nuremberg- Laws & Trials
A series of court proceedings held in Nuremberg, Germany after WWII in which nazi leaders were tried
88
Parliament
A body of representatives that makes laws for a nation
89
Peace of Westphalia
Ended the war ❌
90
Pearl Harbor
Attack from Japan on Pearl Harbor 1941
91
Philosophy
The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline
92
Plebiscite
Direct vote in which a country's people have the opportunity to approve or reject a proposal
93
Propaganda
Info or material spread to advance a cause or to damage an opponents cause
94
Protectorate
State that is controlled by another state
95
Rationing
Saving of materials for soldiers
96
Realpolitik
"Politics of reality"
| Practice of tough power politics without room for idealism
97
Reform
A 16th century movement of religious reform, leading to the founding of Christian churches that rejected the popes authority
98
Reign of terror
Robespierre as dictator
| Became known as the reign of terror
99
Roundheads
Puritans who wore their hair short over their ears
100
Salon
A social gathering of intellectuals and artists, like those held in the homes of wealthy women in Paris and other European cities during the Enlightenment
101
Scientific method
Logical procedure for gathering info abt the natural world, in which experimentation and observation a used to test hypotheses
102
Scientific revolution
A major change in European thought, starting in the mid 1500s in which the study of the natural world began to be characterized by careful observation and questioning of accepted beliefs
103
Scorched earth policy
Practice of burning crops and killing livestock during wartime so that the enemy cannot live off the land
104
Seven years war
A conflict in Europe, NA, and India lasting from 1756 to 1763 in which the forces of Britain and Prussia battled those of Austria, France, and others
105
Skepticism
Philosophy based on the idea that nothing can be known for certain
106
Slavery- Portugal
❌
107
Slavery- Spain
❌
108
Social contract
Agreement by which people define and limit their individual rights, thus creating an organized society or gov
109
Socialism
Economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all
110
Sphere of influence
A foreign region in which a nation has control over trade and other economic activities
111
State of nature
Concept used in philosophy of thinking about life before societies
112
Textile
Textile industry of industrialization
113
The Battle of Britain
Hitler invasion of Great Britain to knock out Royal Air Force. Defense was strong hand hitler halted attacks
114
Battle of midway
A 1942 sea and air battle of WWII, in which American forces defeated Japanese forces in the central pacific
115
Battle of Stalingrad
1942-1943 battle of WWII
| German forces were defeated in their attempt to capture Stalingrad in the Soviet Union
116
Battle of the bulge
1944-1945 battle in which allied forces turned back the last major German offensive of WWII
117
The battle of trafalgar
1805 naval battle in which Napoleons forces were defeated by a British fleet under the command of Horatio Nelson
118
The hundred days
Hitlers demise
| Hundred days of war
119
The restoration
Restoration of the monarchy in England
120
Thirty years war
Series of wars in Central Europe bt 1618-1648
121
Total war
A conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort
122
Totalitarianism- Germany
Achieved national unity
| German unification
123
Totalitarianism- Russia
Stalin used terror and violence to crush rebellions, molds people's minds through indoctrination, censored material and spewed propaganda, and religious and ethnic persecution
124
Treaty of Versailles
Between Germany and allied powers
Germany lost territory; had to repay it in money
Failed treaty
125
Trench warfare
Form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield
126
Triangle trade
Route of the Atlantic slave trade
127
Triple alliance
Military alliance BT Germany, Austria Hungary, and Italy in the years preceding WWI
128
Truman doctrine
Announced by pres. Harry Truman in 1947 a US policy of giving economic and military aid to free nations threatened by internal or external opponents
129
Utilitarianism
Theory by Jeremy Bentham in the late 1700s that gov actions are useful only if they promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people
130
Utopia
Imaginary land described by Thomas More in his book Utopia
| Ideal place
131
War of Spanish succession
A conflict lasting from 1701-1713 in which a number of European states fought to prevent the bourbon family from controlling Spain as well as France
132
Warsaw Pact
Military alliance formed in 1955 by the Soviet Union and seven Eastern European countries
133
Wealth of nations
A book written in 1776 by Adam Smith who thought that economic liberty guaranteed economic progress
134
Western front
WWI the region of northern France where the forces of the allies and the central powers battled each other
135
Westernization
Adoption of the social, political, or economic institutions of western countries
136
WWI causes
Nationalism
Industrialization
Rumors
Drive for power and wealth
137
Yalta conference
War not over
Leaders of US, Britain, and the Soviet Union met at the Soviet Black Sea resort at yalta. Agree on dividing Germany into zones of occupations controlled by Allies forces
