Everyday Life And Political Analysis Flashcards
Constitute the basic elements of political science
Concepts and Theories
The multitude of activities and events that happen in the daily existence of people.
“everyday life”
The ultimate objective for social science is to build a _______
SCIENCE
A body of knowledge that is deemed to be reliable for being correct and useful as explanation of why and how it is that events occur the way they do.
Science
Scientists aim at producing knowledge that is based on perception of “_____”, rather than _____, or ____, which are based on perception of “______”
Reality, opinion, or belief and appearance
the essential criterion for science is… and it is used to acquire knowledge, which includes observation of what is observable through sense faculties of humans.
the rigor in the method or methodology
the manner of observation being designed in such a way as to allow inference …. relationship between a suspected “cause” and hypothesized “effect”
Experiment
Plato’s book
The Republic
is the discipline of studying humans in society
Social Science
the process of generating the larger name is called
generalization
What is the utility of generalization or finding general names?
that we only have to review the features that define a set, determine whether these are shared by any given additional name, and the decision can be made whether the general name can be applied, or alternarively whether the particular name can be subsumed in the general name.
involves or entails the identification or specification of a feature (or features) found in common across all given specific names, such that the particulars taken together form a clasd of things
Generalizatiob
naming or giving a name to a generalization is called
Conceptualization or conceptualizing
are named ideas or mental constructs and these are ths basic building blocks of analysis
concepts
The adequacy of analysis rests initially on the
Adequacy of conceptualization
Two problematic nature of concept formation
The essential contestability of concepts and concept stretching
pointing out that concepts are not unproblematic givens that only have to be discovered by application of conscientious effort.
Concepts are subject to variation as well as to change
Essential contestability of concepts
To the problem created by the addition of more and more features as acceptable defining features to allow the inclusion of particular instances within a concept name
Concept stretching
more familiarly known to political science students for his social contract theory
Thomas Hobbes
Hobbes’ book
Leviathan
The production of knowledge from sense observations
Empiricism
is the name for the impression of the world outside of a person’s body
Sense
“Decaying sense”
Imagination
when one express one’s “decaying sense”
Memory
sum of memory
Experience
wisdom that is gained from experience is called
Prudence
differentiates “prudence” from “sapience” which is
wisdom gained from science
as the representation or appearance of some quality or other accident of a body without us, which is commonly called an object
Thought
“mental discourse”
“train of thought”
which is the faculty solely of the humans species; it is by ______ that men express theor thoughts
Speech
The activity of “reckoninh the consequences of names”
Reason
Posed the problem of “conceptual stretching” provides the basic elements and processes pertaining to concepts
Giovanni Sartori
Concept is a
Mental construct
the class of things to which the concept applies
Extension
The list of features or characterisitcs the qualify specific or concrete objects to fall within the concept name
Intension
a metaphor that provides the image of concepts as functional for “containing” information from observations
data containers
concepts are used as the basis for making “____” obesrvations of actual events and objects
Data
Specification of a procedure to follow in order to make empirical obeservations pertinent to the concept
Operational Definition
a word that encompasses or includes a multiplicity forming a class of thing is an
Abstraction
actually encompasses several abstractions
Ladder of abstraction
as it encompasses many different things at different levels of abstration
Multi-dimensional
The language that we use
Jargons
5 elements of state
Territory, people, government, sovereignity and recognition
most common identification is that “politics” refers to
Government
Two other names crop up as candidates for the identity of the essencs of politics
Power and authority
acceptability
Legitimacy
power which has acceptability
Authority
