Everyday Chemistry Flashcards
What is pH scale used to measure?
The pH of a substance
What has a pH of less than 7?
An Acid
What has the pH of higher than 7?
An Alkali
What has the pH of 7?
A Neutral
What colour does universal indicator turn when its an acid?
Red
What colour does universal indicator turn when its an alkali?
Blue/Purple
What colour does universal indicator turn when its a neutral?
Green
State some common laboratory acids.
Hydrochloric acid, Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid
State some household acids.
Vinegar, Fizzy drinks
State some common laboratory alkalis.
Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide
State some common household alkalis.
bleach, oven cleaner, soap, baking soda
What happens to the pH of a substance when its diluted?
It becomes closer to a neutral (pH of 7)
What happens to an acid when an alkali is added and vice versa?
Neutralisation happens.
What is the general word equation for neutralisation?
Acid + Alkali –> salt + water
What is the first part of a salts name from?
The first part is from the alkali.
What is the second part of the salts name from?
The second part is from the acid
How can salts be separated from water?
Through evaporation.
What is acid rain formed by?
Sulfuric acid & Nitric acid
What is dissolving in our oceans that leads to ocean acidificartion?
CO2
What common properties do metals have?
Conductors of heat and electricity, strong, high melting and boiling points, malleability, ductility
What is an alloy?
A mixture of 2 or more elements, atleast on of which a metal
Name an alloy and describe its properties and uses
Brass, - used for instruments, medal etc
Steel-used for cars, building etc
Bronze- used for medals, pots etc All conductors of heat & electricity malleable, high melting point and boiling point.
What is the general word equation for metal reacting with water?
Metal + water-> metal hydroxide+hydrogen
What is the general word equation for a metal reacting with an acid?
metal + acid –> metal salt + hydrogen
If a reaction produces gas, a more reactive metal will produce?
More gas more quickly
What is the general word equation for a metal reacting with oxygen?
metal + oxygen –>metal oxide
For reaction with a metal and oxygen a more reactive metal will produce what?
A brighter glow
What is required for metals to corrode?
Oxygen & water
Some metals corrode _____ than others
Faster
What is the corrosion of iron called?
Rusting
What colour does ferroxyl indicator turn when rusting has occurred?
Yellow to Blue
How can rusting be prevented?
Physical and Chemical protection
What does Physical protection prevent from reaching the metal?
Water & Oxygen
What are some physical protection methods?
Painting & Greasing
What does chemical protection use?
It uses the reactivity of different metals
What is sacrificial protection?
When you attach a more reactive metal to iron
What is galvanising?
Coating Iron in Zinc
What is a simple cell made from?
Connecting two electrodes with an electrolyte solution using wires
What is an electrolyte solution?
A solution that can conduct electricity
How can the voltage in a simple cell be changed?
By using different pairs of metals as electrodes
