Everyday bias Flashcards
Students were tested for their reactions to people of different weights using the __________ test, a computer based testing system.
IAT (Implicit Association Test)
Physicians with a normal _________ are more frequently reported discussing weight loss with patients than did overweight or obese physicians
BMI
United States, the quintessential _______________ a country in which virtually every person who is not of Native America origin comes from an immigrant heritage, anti-immigrant seal is at it’s highest level in generations
“Nation of immigrants”
True or False: All human beings have bias, possessing bias is part and parcel of being human.
True
True or False: To be biased is almost as normal as breathing.
True
True or False: The fact that somebody exhibits bias unconsciously does not change the impact of the behavior.
True
Interviews are subject to many unconscious biases based on any number of extraneous factors relating to the candidate being interviewed, the __________ and the ___________ in which the interview is being conducted
Interviewer
Environment
Students interviewed on _______ days tend to get lower ratings in their interviews that students on ________ days.
Rainy
Sunny
What we react to, are influenced by, and what we see or don’t see, are all determined by reactions that happen deep within our _______.
psyche
The comedian _______ built a whole career in the 1960s and 70s upon the punch line “the devil man me do it.”
Flip Wilson
True or False: Unconscious bias comes from social stereotypes, attitudes, opinions and stigma we form about certain groups of people outside of our own conscious awareness.
True
______ group- is the dominant or majority culture in a particular circumstance.
In
We are programmed to notice the potential _______ before we notice “friend.”
Threat
Cuddy, Fiske and Glick identified two forms of bias which are:
Warmth
Competence
Do you consider the person likeable and is it someone you would feel comfortable being around is an example of what kind of bias?
Warmth
If someone is classified as capable, skillful, intelligent and confident they would be considered what type of bias?
Competence
Plato described love as_____________.
Divine madness
_________________ is the part of the prefrontal cortex that processes risk and fear. It plays a major role in managing our emotional responses and decision making.
Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
Often our first mental reaction comes from the ______________.
Amygdala
The _______________ is the most primary part of the brain.
Amygdala
There are two amygdalae in a normal human brain, each located within the ___________ lobes
Temporal
_________________ complex set of structures in the brain that control various important functions including emotion, long-term memory and behavior.
Limbic system
The amygdala is sensitive to ___________.
Fear
The _____________ scans what we are seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, or sensing with a particular sensitivity to circumstances or people that might be threatening.
amygdala
We are exposed to as many as __________ sensory triggers at any one time, yet we can only absorb 40 to 50.
11 million
The __________ processes the information, searches the data-base of memories to identify the catalyzing person object, or circumstance and figures out what it is.
Hippocampus
The _____________ serves as a traffic control system, which sends signals through the cingulate gurus and then the anterior cingulate cortex and tells the body how to respond.
Hypothalamus
Babies demonstrate preference for people of their own race when they are as little as ________ months old.
3
_____________ fear of “the other” that we see (anti-immigration).
Xenophobia
____________ biology of behavior
Ethology
______________ is the ability to attribute beliefs, intentions, wants, and knowledge to others and to understand when others have beliefs that are the same or different from our own.
Theory of mind
___________ relies more on the sensorimotor cortices as well as the limbic system.
Empathy
In _____ Abraham Maslow explored this notion when he published his now history paper, “A theory of human motivation.”
1943
_________________ suggests there are 5 levels of human needs that human beings strive for, and that it is difficult if not impossible for us to achieve one level without being satisfied that the one before it has been achieved.
Maslow’s Hierarchy
_____________ level refers to out physiological needs such as breathing, food, water, sleep, sex
Bottom
Social triggers activity in the same region of the brain associated with ______________.
Physical pain
Edward Tronick set up a situation in which parents were videotaped interacting with their children in normal ways, including talking, laughing, and playing. The parent was asked to freeze their facial expression and not react to the child. The child looked confused then tried to do whatever they could to get a reaction from the parent. What experiment is this?
Still Face Experiment
The _________________ is the ability to formulate and use language, our sensory perceptions and our more conscious thinking which takes place in the prefrontal neocortex.
System two thinking or slow brain
True or False: It takes far more energy to think consciously more blood flow and more glucose
True
Our capacity to “see ourselves in action” almost always occurs in the _____________.
Prefrontal neocortex
The ______________ helps consolidate information from short-term to long-term memory
Hippocampus
_______________ helps us spread make decisions about things that we have been exposed to and enables us to “spread values across memories”
Hippocampus
Jeff Hawkins believed that the neocortex connects with the hippocampus and the _________, which regulates consciousness and alertness, and matches what is being seen to what has been seen before in order to predict what it will mean for the future
Thalamus
Every human being has a personality structure that is made of three basic parts (list 3):
ID
Ego
Superego
___________ is our more impulsive, emotional function. It does have much in the way of values and standards, but much more in the way of wants and needs
ID
_________ is the the civilizing facet of the personality structure, which “controls” the ID through various reminders of the book of rules that we have picked up during life
Superego
_____________ has to manage between the conflicting voices of the ID and superego
Ego
______________ or ______________-a mental process through which we selectively see some things but not others, depending upon our point of focus,or what we happen to be focusing on at a particular time
Selective attention or in attentional blindness
Police officers spot potential criminal behavior in the midst of a crowd of thousands because their brains pick up on small_________________ that they have come to recognize as those related to criminals.
behavioral traits
______________ blindness accounts for why certain diversity related behaviors might be obvious to some people and completely invisible to others
Selective attention/inattentional
In _______ in-attentional blindness became an issue in a court case when Kenneth Conley, a boston police officer, was convicted of perjury and obstruction of justice
1995
______________- the propensity to label people, ideas, or things based on our initial opinions
Diagnosis bias
_______________- which is the tendency to sort and identify information based on prior experience or habit
Pattern recognition
_________________- is a strong form of pattern recognition
Stereotyping
_____________- is the inclination to imbue a person or thing with certain qualities based on initial perceived value
value attribution
_______________- a tendency for people to gather information or respond to a circumstance in a way that confirms their already established beliefs or ideas
Confirmation bias
_______________- is the implicit tendency to respond to something based on expectations created by a previous experience or association
Priming
______________ or ____________- is the experience of anxiety or concern in a situation where a person has the potential to confirm a negative stereotype about their social group
Stereotype threat or internalized bias
__________ or _____________- is the common tendency to rely too heavily or anchor on one trait or piece of information when making decisions
Anchoring bias or focalization
______________ is definitely a core factor in all human relationships, one that operates at many different levels
Power
______________- the ability to use positional force or dominance to get people to comply with your desire
Coercive Power
___________-emerges when one has the ability to give another person things they want or to relieve people of things that they don’t want.
Reward Power
_____________- this form of power comes from a real or perceived connection to some figure or figures of authority
Relational power
________________- is the ability to mobilize or deny the mobilization of organizational, community or family resources even can have a huge influence over behavior and decision making
Resource control
_______________- this kind of power comes with a real or perceived ability to provide expertise that is either limited or non-existent in a particular situation
Assumed or Demonstrated Expertise
________________- is based on the access people have to inside information within an organization or a system
Informational power
________________- people who generate power and influence simply by the force of their personalities
Personality power
________________- small behaviors that may be slightly bothersome or even insignificant but they can make a larger impact than we realize, especially when they occur as part of a web of similar behaviors
Micro-behaviors
People in ______________ positions may be unconsciously more susceptible to selfishness and reduced empathy, without ever realizing it
Power
______________- or a hardening of the attitudes that not only accelerates righteousness, but creates an identification with our points of view that has those who believe otherwise appear to us as “the other” or “the enemy”
Psycho-sclerosis
The ____________, the brains’s fear center, responds to information that threatens us.
Amygdala
_____________- the capacity of the brain to form new neural connections that allow it to reorganize itself throughout our lives
Nueroplasticity
what are the major areas of focus that can help us work our individual patterns of bias (6):
- recognize that bias is a normal part of the human experience
- Develop the capacity for self-observation
- Practice constructive uncertainty
- Explore awkwardness or discomfort
- Engage with people in groups you may not know very well, or about who, you harbor bias
- Get feedback and data
_____________- is based on the notion that we unconsciously make associations much more quickly than we consciously make associations
The Stroop test
_______________- which claims to be the first commercial online test of unconscious bias that reliably measures an individual’s risk of exhibiting biased behavior at work
ImplicitlyM
____________________ is a steroid hormone that the human body releases during times of stress
Cortisol or hydrocortisone
______________ combines with adrenaline to help create memories of shorter-term emotional events.
Cortisol
Various _________ and meditation practices reduce the level of cortisol that is released into the body, quieting the nervous system response
Mindfulness
What is the acronym of PAUSE?
P-pay attention to what’s is beneath judgement/assessments
A-Acknowledge your own reactions, interpretations, judgements
U-Understand other possible reactions, interpretations, judgements may be possible
S-Search for the most constructive, empowering or productive wat to deal with the situation
E-execute your action plan
___________- can help us be more thoughtful and help disengage some ot the automaticity of our biases
PAUSE
“The way we’ve always done them in the past” is an example of?
Status quo
______________ can create a sense of disproportionality in some of ways we relate to people and circumstances around us.
Primacy bias
_____________ occurs when we are drawn to deal with the most recent challenge rather than focusing on the big picture
Recency bias
A ______________ is the small flap that is often on the edge of the rudder of a large ship or airplane.
Trim tab
The _________________ is when Elliott Aronson found children with strongly enriched attitudes. He have groups of children tasks that required interdependency for the children to be successful. They couldn’t complete the jigsaw puzzle without working together.
Jigsaw classroom
____________ people either overly positive or negative in our memory.
Halo/horn effect
