Everthing Ells Flashcards
What type of reaction is that of ammonia with a halogenalkane?
Nucleophilic substition
:NH₃⁻
What happens when a halogenalkane reacts with ammonia?
The ammonia donates electrons to the positive carbon and the halogen gets electrons from the bond.
The intermediate stage is a NH₃ with an open positive bond where the halogen was and a :X⁻ for the halogen.
Anougther ammonia free radical will donate it’s electrons to one of the hydrogens of the nitrogen and the electrons of that bond go the nitrogen.
The end result is NH₄X and a NH₂ replacing the halogen.
What shape is the ammonia plus ion?
Tetrahedral
What is a free radical?
A reactive species which has an unpaired electron.
What are the colours of methyl orange?
Yellow when alkali. Goes red with acid.
What are the colours of phenolphthalein
Acid is colourless.
Alkali is pink.
How do you test for HCl gas?
Reacts with ammonia to give white smoke.
Put silver nitrate on end of glass rod white precipitate given.
What do green house gases do?
Gases that absorb heat re radiated from the earth.
Why is co2 a green house gas?
It has polar bonds. These vibrate as polarity changes and absorb IR.
Why does HF have a great boiling point?
Hydrogen bonds.
If you wanted to make a chloro alkane from an alcohol, what could you add?
PCl5, Pcl3 and conc HCl
Add NaCl with sulphuric acid.
How do you make chloro or bromo alkanes from alcohol?
PI₅ , PI₃ or the bromine versions.
How do you react ammonia with a halogenalkane ?
Dissolve the ammonia in ethanol. Heat in sealed tube with alkane.
