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PE PAPER 1 > EVER LEARNER - predicted paper > Flashcards

EVER LEARNER - predicted paper Flashcards

1
Q

functions of proteins

A

Growth of body tissue
Repair of body tissue
Form muscle tissue/Form muscle
Hormone formation
Form enzymes

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2
Q

whys caffeine used as an aid

A

Increased alertness
Decreased reaction time
Increased fat metabolism
Increases activity of the central nervous system

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3
Q

apply use of caffeine to table tennis player

A

Increased alertness = anticipate which way the ball is going to travel during a rally

Decreased reaction time = react to a powerful shot and return the ball

Increased fat metabolism = maintain optimum weight/body shape for table
tennis

Increases activity of the central nervous system

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4
Q

activities where high levels of FOG would be beneficial

A

800m running
200m freestyle
1km cycling

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5
Q

tapering

A

Maintaining INTENSITY but reducing the VOLUME of training to prepare for
competition

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6
Q

tapering example

A

A runner will reduce the number of training miles completed by a third per week during the tapering period

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7
Q

stability definition

A

“the ability of the body to remain in a balanced position”

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8
Q

factors affecting stability

A

Mass
Height of the centre of mass
Size of base of support
Line of gravity
Points of contact

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9
Q

venous return mechanisms - anagram

A

some
men
prefer
red-headed
girls

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10
Q

venous return mechanisms

A

skeletal muscle pump
gravity
respiratory pump
pocket valves
smooth muscle

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11
Q

venous return mechanisms - skeletal muscle pump

A

squeezes veins and increases pressure, speeds up flow of blood back to the heart

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12
Q

venous return mechanisms - gravity

A

forces blood downwards from the upper body
gravity applies weight force to the blood

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13
Q

venous return mechanisms - respiratory muscle pump

A

uses pressure differences in the thoracic cavity to aid the movement of blood

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14
Q

venous return mechanisms - pocket valves

A

valves in veins prevent backflow of blood during diastole
keep blood moving in one direction only

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15
Q

venous return mechanism - smooth muscle

A

around veins pulses to increase pressure in the vein
smooth muscle constricts and dilates squeezing blood back

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16
Q

ATP PC - what does break down of PC =

A

releases energy

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17
Q

what is energy used to do in the ATP PC system

A

used to resynthesise ATP
energy + ADP + P = ATP

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18
Q

what type of reaction is used in this energy system - ATP PC

A

using coupled reactions

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19
Q

what conditions are used during the reactions - ATP PC

A

reaction takes place without oxygen

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20
Q

what enzyme is used in the ATP PC

A

creatine kinase

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21
Q

where doe the reactions take place - ATP PC

A

sarcoplasm

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22
Q

what is the energy yield - ATP PC

A

1 ATP per PC
1:1 energy yield

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23
Q

when is the ATP PC system used

A

during high-intensity activity

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24
Q

pros of attending a high altitude training camp

A
  • Allows athlete to acclimatise to conditions
  • Minimise the impact of decreased partial pressure of oxygen - hypoxic conditions
    Increased release of erythropoietin/ red blood cell production = oxygen transport more efficient
  • Helps to stabilise breathing rate and ventilation after acclimatisation
  • Oxygen extraction becomes more efficient = leads to lower SV and Q
  • Reduces chances of altitude sickness and chance of breathlessness
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25
Q

practical eg. when dynamic flexibility is used

A

It is needed at the shoulder when throwing a javelin
When a dancer performs a split leap
During the bowling action in cricket

26
Q

practical eg. when maximum strength is used

A

It is needed when performing a deadlift in weightlifting
When throwing an opponent in judo
When pushing in a rugby scrum

27
Q

identify tests that assess aerobic capacity

A

Cooper 12 minute run
Queen’s College step test
Multi-stage fitness test
Direct gas analysis

28
Q

pros of continuous traingin

A

Continuous training is simple/basic/easy to set up

It’s easily available for performers without needing complex facility to train in

Can be used regardless of current fitness levels

It’s specific for triathlon

Effective for improving aerobic capacity/Endurance/Cardiovascular endurance

29
Q

cons of continous trainign

A

Continuous training can be tedious/Boring/Too repetitive

Time consuming/Takes too long/Not time-efficient

Has a detrimental effect on speed/Doesn’t help speed

Can cause chronic injury

30
Q

what is glycogen loading

A

manipulation of carbohydrate intake in the week before competition

31
Q

process of glycogen loading

A

Day 1 - depleted glycogen stores
through endurance exercise, use of endurance exercise to deplete glycogen

Day 2-3 - high protein/fat diet/

Day 4 - deplete glycogen stores
through endurance exercise

Days 5-7 - high carbohydrate diet
training reduced/Tapering/Rest

32
Q

pros of glycogen loading

A
  • glycogen loading leads to 50% greater glycogen stores
  • takes longer to reach exhaustion - can exercise for longer before
    exhaustion
  • delays fatigue
33
Q

cons of glycogen loading

A
  • risk of hypoglycaemia
  • causes lethargy
  • causes irritability/anger
  • gastrointestinal problems/
  • causes water retention
  • can affect mental preparation/mindset
34
Q

types of fractures

A

*compound
*simple
*incomplete
*complete
*greenstick
*transverse
*oblique
*spiral
*comminuted
*impacted
*avulsion

35
Q

what is a compound fracture

A

the fractured bone breaks through the skin

36
Q

what is a simple fracture

A

where the skin remains unbroken - there is no breaking of the skin

37
Q

what is an incomplete fracture

A

where there is a partial crack/ the bone doesn’t completely separate

38
Q

what is a complete fracture

A

where the bone separates/there is a total break

39
Q

what is a green stick fracture

A

is a splitting partial break
is a result of a bending motion

40
Q

what is a transverse fracture

A

perpendicular crack

41
Q

what is an oblique fracture

A

diagonal fracture

42
Q

what is a spiral fracture

A

a twisting fracture

43
Q

what is a comminuted fracture

A

is a crack which produces multiple fragments

44
Q

what is an impacted fracture

A

a break when the two ends are compressed

45
Q

what is an avulsion fracture

A

the bone becomes detached from connective tissue

46
Q

practical examples of fractures

A

A dangerous high tackle in football could lead to a leg/femur fracture

Stamping on an opponent’s arm during a ruck in rugby could lead to an arm/radius/ulna fracture

Punching someone in the head in a boxing match could lead to a skull fracture

Trying to catch a hard-hit cricket ball could lead to a fractured bone in the
hand/fractured bone in the
metacarpals/phalanges

Falling off a bike in road cycling could lead to fracturing your ribs/sternum/clavicle

Tripping on the goal post in netball could lead to fracturing a bone in your
toes/metatarsals

Falling from a horse during an equestrian event could lead to a pelvic fracture

47
Q

newtons first law - football

A

The ball will remain in a state of rest until an external force is
applied to it (player kicking the ball)

48
Q

application of N1L to football

A

Ball will not accelerate towards goal until a force acts upon it

Once ball is at a constant velocity it will remain this way until a
force acts upon it - affected by unbalanced/external force

49
Q

newtons second law - football

A

acceleration of the ball towards the goal is dependent on the size of the force applied to it
- how hard the player kicks it

50
Q

application of N2L to football

A

Ball will travel quickly towards goal if player contacts the middle of the ball as force is applied in a forward direction

Player applies curl or spin by kicking the side or bottom of the ball, the momentum of the ball towards goal will be slower -acceleration = slower

51
Q

newtons third law - football

A

When the player plants their foot next to the ball, a downward force is applied.

The ground applies an equal and opposite upward reaction force

52
Q

application of N3L to football

A

If the ball hits the post an equal and opposite reaction force is
applied to the ball and it rebounds back/

If the ball is saved by the goalkeeper, an equal and opposite reaction is applied by the reaction force of the ball rebounding off the goalkeeper

If the player applies a forward force to the ball when kicking it, the ball applies an
equal and opposite downward reaction force to the player’s foot

53
Q

how is topspin created

A

Applies an eccentric force to the ball - applies torque above the centre of the ball

Causes the ball to spin forwards around the transverse axis

Airflow decreases above the ball - Air moves more slowly above the ball

High-pressure above the ball

Increased air flow below the ball - Air moves faster below the ball
Slow moving air below the ball

Low pressure below the ball

Pressure gradient forms

Magnus force = downwards/

Ball has a reduced flight path/non-parabolic flight path

54
Q

factors that affect the magnitude of drag acting on a body moving through water

A

Velocity
Frontal cross-sectional area
Streamlining/Shape/Aerodynamic shape
Smoothness of the surface

55
Q

what is limb kinematics, practical example

A

Limb kinematics is 2D modelling of human movement
motion analysis of movement
video analysis of movement

e.g. mapping knee motion for a sprinter
throwing action for a javelin thrower
joint angles when hurdling

56
Q

what are wind tunnels, practical example

A

Wind tunnels are for measuring aerodynamic properties/air resistance and drag

Measuring the drag of a new design of a road bike
Measuring drag of a F1 car
Measuring air resistance of a ski jumper’s suit

57
Q

what are force plates, practical example

A

Force plates are metal, rectangular plates which measure the size and direction of
forces acting on an athlete
They give immediate graphical readings of forces acting on an athlete

Assess the force produced for a basketball
player in a jumping motion for a rebound
Force produced by a gymnast balancing on one foot
Force produced by a sprinter when their foot hits the floor in their running action

58
Q

why does a hard-hit shuttle cock = non parabolic flight path

A

travels very fast and has a high air resistance bc high velocity causes
high air resistance

has a large relative cross-sectional area so has a high air resistance

has rough surface characteristics so a high air resistance - wood and glue are rough and cause air resistance

not streamlined, so it has a high air resistance

is very light so the air resistance is dominant - low mass means air
resistance is dominant

flight path is shortened because of high air resistance - travels less horizontal
distance = shortened flight path

59
Q

Explain how the ice skater manipulates their body shape to spin on the ice.

A

Bringing arms and legs closer to the longitudinal axis - increases spin rate

Ice skater tucking arms in and bringing legs together reduces their moment of
inertia

Ice skater tucking arms and bringing legs together in increases angular velocity

Tucking arms in and bringing legs together results in an increase amount of rotation

60
Q

regulation of heart rate during exercise

A

Autonomic nervous system determines the firing rate of the SA node
Cardiac control centre receives information from sensory nerves

Three sources of information determine action of CCC
- Neural control/ Chemoreceptors/ Proprioceptors
- Intrinsic control/Temperature change/Venous return changes
- Hormonal control

Chemoreceptors located in muscles/Aorta/Carotid arteries
Proprioceptors located in muscles/Tendons/Joints
Baroreceptors in blood-vessel walls

Hormonal control through release of adrenaline
Hormonal factors are the release of adrenaline – stimulates the SA node

Neural factors are movement, blood pressure and blood chemistry
Baroreceptors detect increases in blood pressure
Chemoreceptors detect decrease in blood pH
Proprioceptors detect movement

Intrinsic factors are thermoreceptors in the heart detecting changes in temperature
Intrinsic factor is venous return changes, which affect stretch of ventricle walls/

Based on action-provided CCC actions either increase or decrease heart rate
Parasympathetic nervous system = reduce HR
Sympathetic nervous system = increase HR

61
Q

Describe the different types of cardiovascular disease that could occur as a result of long-term physical inactivity

A

Atherosclerosis
is the stiffening of artery walls/loss of elasticity
= less blood flow to the vital organs/reduces BP and reduces
flow = hypertension

Coronary heart disease/CHD
results from atheroclerosis of coronary arteries that supply the heart with
oxygenated blood
reduction in blood flow and oxygen limits cardiac muscle ability to respire, which
can result in heart attack

Heart attack
is a result of a blood clot
causes oxygen to be cut off

Stroke
occurs through blockage of cerebral artery
occurs when blood vessel burst within or on surface of the brain
= heamorrhagic stroke occrus when blood vessel bursts within or on the surface of
brain

PE PAPER 1 (1 decks)

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