Events That Followed Flashcards
STRAFFORDS EXECUTION
When and where?
- Why did Charles agree to it?
STRAFFORDS EXECUTION
Tower Hill 12th May 1641
- He wrote to Charles giving him permission to have him executed for the good of the country, and after consulting with the privy council, agreed. Though later regretted it
STRAFFORDS IMPEACHMENT TRIAL
- What was he accused of?
- Although the trial began well for Strafford, what act was brought in which changed situations?
STRAFFORDS IMPEACHMENT TRIAL
- Accused of trying to establish ‘arbitrary government’ and attempting to rule by force
- His defence was strong, but Pym then brought in THE BILL OF ATTAINDER which declared him as a traitor
What was the army plot?
- Pym revealed that a group of officers had been planning to free Strafford and forcibly dissolve parliament - with Charles support
- The plot failed, but this was enough to persuade the lords to pass the act of Attainder, so Strafford was executed
ROOT AND BRANCH?
When?
What did it state?
Why was it significant?
ROOT AND BRANCH PETITION 1641
- Designed to ‘root out’ episcopacy - abolished archbishops and bishops - would dismantle structure of the church and alter House of Lords substantially. Essentially, it limited the Kings power
- Root and branch was the catalyst for revision - h first sign of a split. Represented how divisive religion was
THE GRAND REMONSTRANCE
When?
What did it state?
Why was it significant?
THE GRAND REMONSTRANCE
Dec 1641
A list of 200 parliamentary grievances, which was published - a huge shock and massive breech in precedent
159 for and 148 against, representing the scale of the division
- Really enforced the division and created the two sides of the war - it wasn’t until this point that the war became truly inevitable
What was the Irish Rebellion?
Give examples
How did this effect Charles?
What was the effect in England?
THE IRISH REBELLION
Catholics murdering Protestants eg tortured, burnt, maimed
EG The Portadown Massacre - where Protestants were rounded up and drowned in a river
- Those carrying out the massacres claimed to be doing so in Charles name, and due to his arrogance, failed to disassociate himself
- This fuelled the catholic conspiracy, and whilst we can’t be sure that the accounts of the events were accurate, what matters is the fear it provoked amongst the English
What bill was issued in November 1641 to combat the Irish rebellion?
Were they successful?
MILITIA BILL TO RAISE AN ARMY 1641
However, the army are weak and unsuccessful, which people thought Charles did on purpose
What significance did Laud and Wentworth’s imprisonment in 1640 have?
- Should have created harmony, but leaves Charles exposed to criticism as he was no longer able to hide behind them
- Potential for split reinforced - those who were willing to push it and criticise Charles directly, and those who weren’t
What significance did the Irish rebellion have?
- Largest scale violence in the story so far, creates the necessity for a militia
- Debate over who should control the militia
What effect did Straffords execution have?
- Firstly, Charles was left exposed to criticism
- Also, all of Charles decisions were misguided from this point - but perhaps wouldn’t have been had he have had Strafford to consult
What happened when bishops were excluded from the House of Lords in 1641?
- London mob prevent bishops from entering House of Lords
- Rumours circulate that even Henrietta Maria herself will be impeached
- This was an attempt to get rid of episcopacy
What event was triggered by circulating rumours of Henrietta Maria’s impeachment?
THE FAILED ARREST OF 5 MPS
On 4th Jan 1642 Charles marched into parliament (a flagrant breech of parliamentary privileges) to arrest Pym, Haselrig, Hampden, Holles and Strode
- MPs should have immunity from arrest
- But ‘the birds had flown’
- Aware that he had lost control, he fled London
THE LONDON MOB
- Officially, the political nation was only made up of…..
- They attacked _____’s palace at ______ in ___
- Also demonstrated in favour of _____, ____, and _____
- Was thought that _______ were the ones orchestrating the mob
- Protested outside ______ in 1641 and succeeded in _____ so that ________
- Also pressured Charles into….
THE LONDON MOB
- Officially, the political nation was only made up of those who had sufficient property but the printing press meant that common people were much more involved
- They attacked Laud’s palace at Whitehall in 1641
- Also demonstrated in favour of Straffords trial, Root & Branch and the Grand Remonstrance
- Was thought that parliamentary radicals were the ones orchestrating the mob
- Protested outside Whitehall in 1641 and succeeded in intimidating Lords so that the Act of Attainder was passed
- Also pressured Charles into signing away Straffords life as he became fearful for the lives of him family
POPULAR RADICALISM
- Why did people feel more involved in politics?
- In 1641 many counties drew up their own ______
- Soon angry mobs began….
- Popular radicalism began to stimulate the growth of….
POPULAR RADICALISM
- After a century of reform and counter reform, people began to feel highly involved in politics
- In 1641 many counties drew up their own petitions in favour of reform
- Soon angry mobs began smashing church Windows and ripping out alter rails
- Popular radicalism began to stimulate the growth of sympathy for Charles
EVENTS LEADING TO THE WAR
- In March 1642 Parliament issued a ______ to raise ______
- In response, Charles issued the _________ in June, also to raise ______
- Parliament then issued the _______, a follow up to _______, and was…
- By July, parliament are ready, and in August, Charles….
EVENTS LEADING TO THE WAR
- In March 1642 Parliament issued a Militia Ordinance to raise an army
- In response, Charles issued the Commissions of Array in June, also to raise an army
- Parliament then issued the 19 Propositions, a follow up to the Grand Remonstrance and was sort of a treaty, but with conditions they knew Charles would never accept
- By July, parliament are ready, and in August, Charles raised his standard (flag) meaning war
