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History > Events Of The Belin Ultimatum, Berlin Wall, Summit Meetings, Bay Of Pigs, Cuba Missile Crisis > Flashcards

Events Of The Belin Ultimatum, Berlin Wall, Summit Meetings, Bay Of Pigs, Cuba Missile Crisis Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the date of the Berlin Ultimatum?

A

November 27, 1958

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2
Q

Who issued the Berlin Ultimatum?

A

Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev

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3
Q

What demand did Khrushchev make in the Berlin Ultimatum?

A

That the Western Allies leave West Berlin within six months and make it a free city

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4
Q

What were the key Cold War tensions surrounding the Berlin Ultimatum?

A

The Soviet Union wanted to stop the flow of refugees from East to West Berlin

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5
Q

How was Berlin divided after WWII?

A

Into East (Soviet-controlled) and West (controlled by the Allies)

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6
Q

What was a significant consequence of the mass migration from East to West Berlin?

A

The Berlin Wall became a major symbol of the Cold War

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7
Q

What did Khrushchev want to achieve with a peace treaty regarding Germany?

A

To recognize East Germany and prevent any Western presence in Berlin

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8
Q

What was the Western response to the Berlin Ultimatum?

A

Refusal to leave West Berlin and commitment to defend it

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9
Q

What did the Berlin Ultimatum mark in terms of Cold War tensions?

A

A peak in Cold War tensions

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10
Q

What was the aftermath of the Berlin Ultimatum?

A

Escalated tensions but did not lead to direct military conflict

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11
Q

What significant event did the Berlin Ultimatum precede?

A

The construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961

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12
Q

What were the three Western Allies involved in the Berlin Ultimatum?

A
  • USA
  • UK
  • France
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13
Q

What did Khrushchev view as embarrassing for the Communist government?

A

The flow of refugees from East to West Berlin

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14
Q

When was the Berlin Wall built?

A

August 13, 1961

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15
Q

Who built the Berlin Wall?

A

East Germany, with support from the Soviet Union

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16
Q

What was the primary purpose of the Berlin Wall?

A

To prevent East Germans from fleeing to West Berlin

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17
Q

What was one reason for building the Berlin Wall?

A

Mass Migration: Over 3 million East Germans had fled to West Berlin since the end of WWII.

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18
Q

What economic impact did the migration have on East Germany?

A

East Germany was losing skilled workers, damaging its economy.

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19
Q

What did Berlin symbolize during the Cold War?

A

The division between the Communist East and Capitalist West.

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20
Q

What initial structure was built on August 13, 1961?

A

A barbed wire fence across Berlin

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21
Q

What replaced the barbed wire fence?

A

A concrete wall

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22
Q

What did the Berlin Wall symbolize during the Cold War?

A

The division between the Communist East and the Capitalist West.

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23
Q

How did the West react to the Berlin Wall?

A

It was heavily criticized.

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24
Q

When did the Berlin Wall fall?

A

November 9, 1989

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25
Q

What led to the opening of the Berlin Wall?

A

Political changes and protests in East Germany

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26
Q

What significant event did the fall of the Berlin Wall lead to?

A

The reunification of Germany.

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27
Q

What was the Geneva Summit (1955) about?

A

Leaders: President Eisenhower (USA) and Premier Khrushchev (USSR). Main Issue: Discussed the arms race, nuclear weapons, and the future of Germany. Outcome: No major agreements, but both sides agreed to keep communication open.

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28
Q

What was the outcome of the Geneva Summit (1955)?

A

No major agreements, but both sides agreed to keep communication open. Tensions remained, but it was a step toward dialogue.

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29
Q

What was the Camp David Summit (1959) about?

A

Leaders: President Eisenhower (USA) and Premier Khrushchev (USSR). Main Issue: Discussed Berlin, the arms race, and international issues. Outcome: A relatively peaceful meeting, with both sides agreeing to continue talks.

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30
Q

What was the outcome of the Camp David Summit (1959)?

A

No major agreements but showed willingness for diplomacy.

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31
Q

What was the Paris Summit (1960) about?

A

Leaders: President Eisenhower (USA) and Premier Khrushchev (USSR). Main Issue: The U-2 spy plane incident (an American spy plane was shot down in Soviet airspace).

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32
Q

What was the outcome of the Paris Summit (1960)?

A

Khrushchev walked out of the summit after the incident, and relations between the USA and USSR worsened. Talks broke down.

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33
Q

What was the Geneva Summit (1955) about?

A

Leaders: President Eisenhower (USA) and Premier Khrushchev (USSR). Main Issue: Discussed the arms race, nuclear weapons, and the future of Germany. Outcome: No major agreements, but both sides agreed to keep communication open.

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1
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34
Q

What was the outcome of the Geneva Summit (1955)?

A

No major agreements, but both sides agreed to keep communication open. Tensions remained, but it was a step toward dialogue.

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35
Q

What was the Camp David Summit (1959) about?

A

Leaders: President Eisenhower (USA) and Premier Khrushchev (USSR). Main Issue: Discussed Berlin, the arms race, and international issues. Outcome: A relatively peaceful meeting, with both sides agreeing to continue talks.

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36
Q

What was the outcome of the Camp David Summit (1959)?

A

No major agreements but showed willingness for diplomacy.

37
Q

What was the Paris Summit (1960) about?

A

Leaders: President Eisenhower (USA) and Premier Khrushchev (USSR). Main Issue: The U-2 spy plane incident (an American spy plane was shot down in Soviet airspace).

38
Q

What was the outcome of the Paris Summit (1960)?

A

Khrushchev walked out of the summit after the incident, and relations between the USA and USSR worsened. Talks broke down.

39
Q

What was the Cuban Revolution?

A

A revolution in Cuba that led to the overthrow of Dictator Fulgencio Batista and the establishment of a Communist government under Fidel Castro.

40
Q

Who ruled Cuba before the Cuban Revolution?

A

Cuba was ruled by Batista, a military dictator with close ties to the USA.

41
Q

What was the economic situation in Cuba before the revolution?

A

The majority of Cubans lived in poverty, while a small elite controlled the wealth.

42
Q

Who supported Castro’s movement?

A

The movement gained support from peasants, students, and urban workers dissatisfied with Batista’s rule.

43
Q

What led to Batista’s fall?

A

Batista’s government became increasingly corrupt and brutal, unable to stop the rebel forces.

44
Q

What was the outcome of the Cuban Revolution?

A

Fidel Castro became the Prime Minister and later the President of Cuba, establishing a one-party Communist state.

45
Q

What major reforms did Castro’s government implement?

A

Castro’s government implemented land reforms and nationalized foreign-owned businesses.

46
Q

How did the Cuban Revolution affect U.S.-Cuba relations?

A

Cuba developed close ties with the Soviet Union, leading to tensions with the United States.

47
Q

What were the key points of the Cuban Revolution?

A

The revolution overthrew Batista’s dictatorship and established a Communist government under Fidel Castro, gaining popular support.

48
Q

What significant events followed the Cuban Revolution?

A

Castro’s government created tensions with the U.S., leading to a trade embargo and the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962.

49
Q

What was the Cuban Revolution?

A

A revolution in Cuba that led to the overthrow of Dictator Fulgencio Batista and the establishment of a Communist government under Fidel Castro.

50
Q

Who ruled Cuba before the Cuban Revolution?

A

Cuba was ruled by Batista, a military dictator with close ties to the USA.

51
Q

What was the economic situation in Cuba before the revolution?

A

The majority of Cubans lived in poverty, while a small elite controlled the wealth.

52
Q

What was the 26th of July Movement?

A

A movement led by Fidel Castro that began with an attack on the Moncada Barracks on July 26, 1953.

53
Q

What happened during the attack on the Moncada Barracks?

A

The attack failed, and Castro was captured, but he became a symbol of resistance.

54
Q

Who supported Castro’s movement?

A

The movement gained support from peasants, students, and urban workers dissatisfied with Batista’s rule.

55
Q

What led to Batista’s fall?

A

Batista’s government became increasingly corrupt and brutal, unable to stop the rebel forces.

56
Q

What was the outcome of the Cuban Revolution?

A

Fidel Castro became the Prime Minister and later the President of Cuba, establishing a one-party Communist state.

57
Q

How did the Cuban Revolution affect U.S.-Cuba relations?

A

Cuba developed close ties with the Soviet Union, leading to tensions with the United States.

58
Q

What were the key points of the Cuban Revolution?

A

The revolution overthrew Batista’s dictatorship and established a Communist government under Fidel Castro, gaining popular support.

59
Q

What significant events followed the Cuban Revolution?

A

Castro’s government created tensions with the U.S., leading to a trade embargo and the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962.

60
Q

What was the Bay of Pigs Invasion?

A

A failed military invasion of Cuba by Cuban exiles, supported by the U.S. government, aimed at overthrowing Fidel Castro’s Communist regime.

61
Q

Who was involved in planning the invasion?

A

The CIA trained a group of Cuban exiles, known as Brigade 2506, to invade Cuba and overthrow Castro.

62
Q

Where did the invasion take place?

A

The invasion was planned to occur at the Bay of Pigs on Cuba’s southern coast.

63
Q

What was the plan for the invasion?

A

The exiles were to land, rally locals, and trigger a broader rebellion against Castro.

64
Q

What type of support did the U.S. promise?

A

The U.S. promised air support and naval backing but did not provide direct military involvement.

65
Q

What happened during the invasion on April 17, 1961?

A

The exiles faced unexpected challenges, including poor planning, lack of local uprising, and no U.S. air support.

66
Q

What was the outcome of the invasion?

A

The invaders were defeated within 3 days, with over 1,100 exiles captured and several killed.

67
Q

What were the consequences of the invasion?

A

The failure embarrassed President Kennedy and the U.S., strengthened Castro’s position, and worsened U.S.-Cuba relations.

68
Q

How did the invasion affect Castro’s relationship with the Soviet Union?

A

The failed invasion pushed Castro closer to the Soviet Union, leading to greater Soviet support for Cuba.

69
Q

What were the key points regarding the Bay of Pigs Invasion?

A

Date: April 17–19, 1961. Objective: U.S.-backed Cuban exiles attempted to overthrow Castro’s government. Outcome: Invasion failed, leading to capture or death of exiles and major embarrassment for the U.S.

70
Q

What was the Bay of Pigs Invasion?

A

A failed military invasion of Cuba by Cuban exiles, supported by the U.S. government, aimed at overthrowing Fidel Castro’s Communist regime.

71
Q

What was the U.S. government’s response to Castro’s regime?

A

Under President Eisenhower, the U.S. was concerned about the spread of Communism and sought to remove Castro from power.

72
Q

Who was involved in planning the invasion?

A

The CIA trained a group of Cuban exiles, known as Brigade 2506, to invade Cuba and overthrow Castro.

73
Q

Where did the invasion take place?

A

The invasion was planned to occur at the Bay of Pigs on Cuba’s southern coast.

74
Q

What was the plan for the invasion?

A

The exiles were to land, rally locals, and trigger a broader rebellion against Castro.

75
Q

What type of support did the U.S. promise?

A

The U.S. promised air support and naval backing but did not provide direct military involvement.

76
Q

What happened during the invasion on April 17, 1961?

A

The exiles faced unexpected challenges, including poor planning, lack of local uprising, and no U.S. air support.

77
Q

What was the outcome of the invasion?

A

The invaders were defeated within 3 days, with over 1,100 exiles captured and several killed.

78
Q

What were the consequences of the invasion?

A

The failure embarrassed President Kennedy and the U.S., strengthened Castro’s position, and worsened U.S.-Cuba relations.

79
Q

How did the invasion affect Castro’s relationship with the Soviet Union?

A

The failed invasion pushed Castro closer to the Soviet Union, leading to greater Soviet support for Cuba.

80
Q

What were the key points regarding the Bay of Pigs Invasion?

A

Date: April 17–19, 1961. Objective: U.S.-backed Cuban exiles attempted to overthrow Castro’s government. Outcome: Invasion failed, leading to capture or death of exiles and major embarrassment for the U.S.

81
Q

What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?

A

A 13-day confrontation between the USA and the Soviet Union over the presence of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba, marking the closest the world came to nuclear war during the Cold War.

82
Q

When was the discovery of missiles?

A

October 14, 1962.

U.S. Spy Planes discovered that the Soviet Union had secretly placed nuclear missiles in Cuba, just 90 miles from the U.S. coast.

83
Q

What was the U.S. response on October 22, 1962?

A

President Kennedy addressed the nation, revealing the missile sites and demanding their immediate removal, while imposing a naval blockade to prevent more Soviet missiles from reaching Cuba.

84
Q

What happened on October 24, 1962?

A

Soviet ships headed toward Cuba but turned around upon encountering the U.S. naval blockade, avoiding direct conflict. The U.S. raised its military alert level.

85
Q

What occurred during the diplomatic negotiations (October 26–27, 1962)?

A

Soviet Premier Khrushchev sent a letter offering to remove the missiles if the U.S. promised not to invade Cuba, while also demanding the removal of U.S. missiles from Turkey.

86
Q

How did the crisis end on October 28, 1962?

A

Khrushchev agreed to remove Soviet missiles from Cuba in exchange for the U.S. pledge not to invade Cuba, with a secret agreement for the U.S. to remove its missiles from Turkey in the future.

87
Q

What were the key outcomes of the Cuban Missile Crisis?

A

The crisis avoided nuclear war, established a direct communication hotline between the White House and the Kremlin, and led to the removal of missiles from both Cuba and Turkey.

88
Q

What were the key points regarding the Cuban Missile Crisis?

A

Date: October 16–28, 1962; Cause: Discovery of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba; Resolution: Soviet missiles removed from Cuba; U.S. pledged not to invade Cuba and secretly agreed to remove missiles from Turkey.

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