Events/Movements/Teachings/Key Writings Flashcards
Mysticism
14th Century; Retreat to subjective experience and dogmatism; fleeing from rational thought
Medieval Scholasticism
A return to reason and aristotelean theology
Devotio Moderna
Movement of apostolic reform calling for a return to pious practices
Renaissance Humanism
Emphasizes that many scholars were missing from the current university curriculum; return to Greek and Latin classics
Luther’s life as a monk.
Promise in a storm; Became an Augustinian in Erfurt, Nominalism and focus on good works
Luther’s life as a theologian.
Moves from Aristotle to Augustine; Rejects free will from Aristotle; Slowly through scripture, Luther became a reformer (returns to the sources)
Ninety-Five Theses (1517)
“Disputation for Clarifying the Power of Indulgences”; A response to indulgences and its impact on pennance
Gravamina
Grievances
Theses for the Heidelberg Disputation (1518)
Critique of Scholaticism and its understanding of righteousness; Moved beyond the sale of indulgences to a thorough reform of theology
Sermon on Two Kinds of Righteousness (1519)
Preached on Palm Sunday, 28 March 1518 (Published in 1519); Alien Righteousness of Christ informs our Proper righteousness to act as a servant
Sermon on Cross and Suffering (1530)
April 16, 1530; Relationship between good works and God’s gracious gifts; when we suffer we look to our relationship with God through His Gifts
Preface to the Complete Edition of Luther’s Latin Writings (1545)
1545; Decribes Luther’s relationship with God as he found the Gospel; “God clothes us when He justifies us”
Open Letter to Pope Leo X
1520; Luther writes a conciliatory letter ot Pope Leo X; included in the Letter was The Freedom of Christian; Luther did not concede a single point to Rome
Freedom of a Christian (1520)
1 of 3 Major Treatises published by Martin Luther in 1520; ; Extolled Christian Freedom from Laws when it came to salvation; Instead time and energy should be devoted to good works for their neighbors
On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church (1520)
1 of 3 Major Treatises published by Martin Luther in 1520; There are only 2 or 3 sacraments and NOT seven; retained baptism, Lord’s Supper (Mass), and possibly confession (penance)
Address to the Christian Nobility (1520)
1 of 3 Major Treatises published by Martin Luther in 1520; Written in German; Told the princes what the advantages were to free themselves from the papacy; retaining tax money
Diet of Worms
Luther on trial, NOT a debate; Luther does not recant before the emperor; Luther is granted safe conduct, but he is now a condemned as a notorious heretic; “here I stand, may God help me. Amen.”
The Wartburg
Luther’s friends kidnap him and bring him to Wartburg castle; Luther dresses as a knight to hide his identity
The Peasants’ War
1524 -1525; The Peasants were being abused by their Lords; Luther’s Freedom of a Christian were cited as justification; Luther responds with his Admonition to Peace; One Month later Luther adds Against the Raging Peasants because their violence
The Twelve Articles (1524)
Published in March 1525; lists the demands of the peasants; first and last article were used to appeal to the reformation; cited Luther’s Freedom of a Christian as justification
The German Mass and Order of the Liturgy (1526)
The goal was to place the Gospel back in the center of the service; arranged for the sake of simple laypeople; focus on catechization from the pulpit
Marburg Colloquy, 1529
September 1529; Luther, Melanchthon, and other colleagues meet with reformers from Zurich; turns into a debate on the real presence in the Lord’s Supper; Zwingli argues the mass is a commemorative event
Saxon Visitations
Began in 1527; Luther was neither surprised nor pleased by his visits; Luther responded with two works on the Catechism (Small and Large Catechism)
Luther the Preacher
1530s spent preaching against Roman church; 1540s spent preaching against enthusiasts; sermons last 30 minutes to an hour; Luther often took long breaks from preaching due to illness or mental load
