Events Flashcards
Migration
People moving where they live
Migration and colonization (date,and factors)
National Policy was pro immigration
Quebec population grew from 1.2 million to 1.65 million
High birth rate
Many people left Quebec
Rural exodus
Rural areasoverpopulated
People moved to city to find factory jobs
Jobs were low paying
100 000s of québécois worked in factories or farms
“Push-Pull” factor in emigration
Led to creation of Franco American communities
Colonization
Church tried to get people to colonize new lands in underdeveloped Quebec
Farming brings you closer to god
Land was far from everything
Timber companies hired settlers for cheap labour
Transatlantic immigration
1000s of European immigrants. Received free land and worked it in the west
Legal and political status of women
Quebec was slower to give rights
Married women were under control of men
Obey their husband
Suffragists
Fought for womens right to vote
Women voted in 1940
First women elected to parliament was Agnes Mcphail in 1921 (Ontario)
Jobs of women
Domestics housewives nurses teachers
Women’s religious community
Women studied together and became Nuns (charity teaching and nursing)
English speaking women’s organization
Fought for women’s right to vote
Prmoted the prohibition of alcohol
Presence of Catholic Church
Preserved rights of French Canadians
Ultramontanisme
Belief that church was more important then gouvernement and laws should be based on religious laws - was against liberalism rights for women
Anticléricalisme
Liberalism led to anticlericalism (opposition to the clergy)
Nationalism of survival
Nationalism became way to make their culture survive
Denominations
Deifferent religious oups with same faith
Dualism
When two groups play opposing roles in hoe something operates
Socio Cultural Expression
Patriotic works
Patriotic works
Patriotism pride in the past and ambition for a bête future were big themes
Emergence of women’s literature
Felipe Angers. Wrote about family nation and religion
Isabella Crawford. First important female poet
Robertine Barry. First female journalist
Higher education
McGill was the first medical school
Jésuites founded college st Marie and Loyola
Anglicans founded bishops
Université de Laval became French language university
Polytechnique became engineering school
Other parts of Canada had university of Toronto and royal military college
Capitalism
Economic system characterized by private or corporation ownership of goods by investments
Industrial
Using mass production (factory)
Eastern continental transportation network
St Laurence shipping channel widened and deepened
Canals and locks improved to fit steamboats
Grabs Trunk Railway
Connected Montreal with Ontario, Portland, Maine. Had connections to Chicago. Victoria bridge was created for the Grand trunk railway
Canadian pacific railway
Finished in 1885
More branch lines were built
Production sectors (location and types of industries)
New industries were located in Montreal, Hochelaga or St Henri
Food Processing Leather Textiles Tobacco Railway equipment Wood
Division of labour
Narrow specialization of tasks within a production process
Living conditions for workers
Cheaply built houses. Many lived in one room. No heating, no water, very dirty, no nutrition,
Working conditions for workers
Dangerous and polluted Accidents Women and Children were paid less Child labour No insurance or Medicare
Piece-Meal
Work women did in sweat shops or at home
The workers movement (union)
Unions started during industrialization as mutual aid
Illegal in Canada
Still treated harshly by employers
Urbanization
Growth of cities
Montréal expanded with cheap houses and expensive houses
Forestry industry (regions)
Saguenay and the Ottawa valley
Lumber industry
Lumber was in great demands some of it was exported but much was sold. Shipbuilding and urban development Lumber Camps were made (bad conditions)
Farms in Quebec
Subsistence farming gave way to surplus farming (make profit)
Government promoted farming by building schools and promoting farming
Dairy production
Promoted by government
Dairy products supplied the growing population
New technology and transport made it easy
Mechanization of farms
Drawn Mechanical Reaper invented by Cyrus McCormick
Steam powered thresher couple prepare as much grain in one day as as someone could in a year.
Tractor could pull more
Seigneurs rights
Seigneurs system was abolished in 1854
Tenants now owned the land they used to rent
Imperialism
Similar to colonization
Solidify power
Creating an empire
English Canadians were promoting English language
They believed that Canada should participate in British wars
French Canadian Nationalism
After act of union French Canadians had attributes of an ethic nation because of the French language, common religion (catholic), a shared history and common trades and institutions
Société St Jean Baptiste to protect French Canadian values
After the confederation in 1867 nationalists wanted more authority
Canada’s participation in British wars increased nationalism
Canadian military support
Britain had control over Canada’s foreign affairs
Many countries began to become very powerful
People became more imperialist and French Canadian and English Canadian nationalism became more popular
All the wars that England participated in (Boer War, Naval Bill and WW1 conscript) we’re opposed by the French. Only 5% of volunteers were French
Statute of Westminster
Gave Canada control over foreign affairs and right to decide if they were to participate in wars
Clerico nationalism
Ideology in Quebec from WW1 until the 1950s
French Canadian nationalism focused on church
Traditional conservative and rural values
Action française
Magazine published from 1917-1928
Made by the ligue des droits français (priests and nationalists)
Protected the French language and French Canadian economic indépendance
Lionel Groulx
Leader if the Ligue des droits français
Programme de restauration sociale
Church and pope took interest in working class
Created more rights for working people
Québécois clergy resisted
Role of the French speaking population in economy
US organization the knights of labour pushed for social reforms
Development of collective bargaining
Francophones wages were half of anglophones
The Liberal era
Prime minister Wilfred Laurier Compromised on Manitoba schools question Created two new provinces (Manitoba and Saskatchewan) Allowed limited free trade with the US Ended in 1914
French catholic minority
Church advocated for the rights of French Catholics and put pressure on the government
Indian residential schools
Schools that assimilated First Nations to Christian culture
Abusive
Culturel genocide
Children separated from family
Taxation powers
Federal and provincial can collect taxes
Canada’s territory’s
All provinces EXCEPT Newfoundland and Nunavut
Transcontinental railway made country more accessible
Second Phase of industrialization (1900-1929)
Focused on natural resources
Lots of technology
Lots of money spent
Most products made were exported
Industries that were developed in the second phase (6)
Iron and a Steel Machinery Pulp and paper Aluminum smelting Chemical plants Oil refineries
Primary industries that were expanded in the second phase of industrialization
Mining
Forestry
Agriculture
Manufacturing and domestic production
New factories manufactured a wide range of new products to be sold, especially capital products (products used to make other products like machine) and consumer products like automobiles and furniture
