Evaluation and Selection of Representative Images Exam

Question 1

Which one of the following structures is most likely to demonstrate strong posterior shadowing?
a. Air
b. Cysts
c. Bone
d. Blood vessel

Answer 1

c. Bone

Question 2

There is no problem with aliasing as long as the Doppler shifts are ____ half the PRF
a. less than
b. approximately equal to
c. greater than
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

Answer 2

a. less than

Question 3

To what is the arrow in this image pointing?
a. an IUD
b. a catheter tip
c. a biopsy needle flair
d. the endometrium

Answer 3

a. an IUD

Question 4

Which of the following decreases the likelihood of range-ambiguity artifact?
a. increasing pulser output
b. baseline shift
c. decreasing operating frequency
d. decreasing Doppler angle
e. decreasing PRF

Answer 4

e. decreasing PRF

Question 5

Which of the following instruments can NOT produce aliasing?
a. duplex
b. pulsed-wave doppler
c. continous-wave doppler
d. color doppler

Answer 5

c. continous-wave doppler

Question 6

Which of the following is the opposite of echogenic?
a. sonolucent
b. isoechoic
c. hypoechoic
d. hyperechoic

Answer 6

a. sonolucent

Question 7

When Doppler gain is set too high, which artifact is likely to occur?
a. speckle
b. location mirror image
c. aliasing
d. spectrum mirror image
e. range ambiguity

Answer 7

d. spectrum mirror image

Question 8

Referring to image below, what is the order of image parts when they are arranged according to increasing flow speed?
a. B, C, D
b. D, C, B
c. C, B, D
d. B, D, C

Answer 8

c. C, B, D

Question 9

If red represents a positive Doppler shift and blue represents a negative one, what color is seen for normal flow toward the transducer? What color is seen for aliasing flow toward the transducer? What colors are seen for normal flow away and for aliasing flow away from the transducer?
a. red, red, blue, blue
b. red, blue, red, blue
c. blue, red, blue, red
d. red, blue, blue, red

Answer 9

d.red, blue, blue, red

Question 10

Propagation speed error results in improper ____ positions of a reflector on the display
a. lateral
b. axial

Answer 10

b. axial

Question 11

Propagation speed error artifact causes has which of the following results?
a. structure missing on the display
b. structure displayed with improper brightness
c. unreal structure displayed
d. structure improperly positioned and shaped

Answer 11

d. structure improperly positioned and shaped

Question 12

The upper limit to the pulsed waved Doppler shift that can be properly detected by pulsed instruments is called:
a. speed error
b. aliasing
c. shadowing
d. Nyquist limit

Answer 12

d. Nyquist limit

Question 13

The best example of a mirror image artifact is seen with the:
a. diaphragm and liver
b. uterus and fallopian tube
c. gallbladder and cystic duct
d. pancreas and duodenum

Answer 13

a. diaphragm and liver

Question 14

To decrease internally generated electronic noise in the Doppler signal, the sonographer should decrease the:
a. doppler gain
b. imaging depth
c. transducer frequency
d. overall gain

Answer 14

a. doppler gain

Question 15

Heterogenous describes this type of mass.
a. complex mass
b. normal thyroid
c. simple cyst
d. gallstone

Answer 15

a. complex mass

Question 16

Echoes resulting from grating lobes may be imaged if they fall within a(n) ____ region.
a. hypoechoic
b. anechoic
c. echogenic
d. complex

Answer 16

b. anechoic

Question 17

Which of the following can correct or eliminate aliasing?
a. decreased PRF
b. decreased doppler angle
c. increased operating frequency
d. baseline shifting

Answer 17

d. baseline shifting

Question 18

Increasing PRF to avoid aliasing can cause the following:
a. baseline shift
b. location mirror image
c. range ambiguity
d. speckly
e. spectrum mirror image

Answer 18

c. range ambiguity

Question 19

The artifact that shows structures that exist on one side of a strong reflector as
being present on the other side as well is known as:
a. refraction
b. speed error
c. mirror image
d. range ambiguity

Answer 19

c. mirror image

Question 20

In image below the solid line show the doppler shift. The dashed line shows the ___ result of connecting samples of the shift. To avoid aliasing in this signal, at least ____ samples would be required.
a. correct, 10
b. correct, 5
c. aliased, 5
d. aliased, 10

Answer 20

d. aliased, 10