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Radiographic Anatomy I > Evaluation And Cervical > Flashcards

Evaluation And Cervical Flashcards

1
Q

5 keys to reading films

A

1) Normal v. Abnormal
2) Localize abnormality
3) Describe abnormality
4) Pertinent +/-
5) Cinical significance

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2
Q

Radio graphic evaluation

A

1) systematic approach
2) read all the information on the film
3) read to the edges of the film

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3
Q

Evaluation method

A

ABCs

1) alignment
2) bone
3) cartilage
4) soft tissues

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4
Q

Alignment - 4

A

1) spatial relationship
2) offset articular margins
3) proper position
4) measurements

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5
Q

Bone - 6

A

1) shape
2) size
3) Cortical integrity
4) trabeculation
5) radiographic density
6) specific structures

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6
Q

Cartilage - 3

A

1) joint shape
2) joint size
3) radiographic density

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7
Q

Soft tissues - 4

A

1) shape
2) size
3) position
4) radiographic density

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8
Q

5 steps in evaluation

A

1) identify study
2) identify the informational markers
3) collimation, shielding, artifacts
4) technical quality of the film
5) ABCs search pattern

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9
Q

Identify the study - 4

A

1) anatomy visualized
2) number of films
3) projections
4) use of contrast media

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10
Q

Informational markers - 3

A

1) name blocker
2) qualification of study
3) timing of certain studies

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11
Q

Name blocker

A

1) age
2) gender
3) date of study

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12
Q

Qualification

A

1) patient of study

2) type of study

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13
Q

Technical quality of the film - 3

A

1) diagnostic quality
2) proper positioning
3) entire area visualized

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14
Q

Normal v abnormal

A

1) anatomical variations

2) pathology

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15
Q

Cervical MDS

Standard Cx Series

A

1) neutral lateral
2) AP Lower cervical
3) AP Open Mouth

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16
Q

Lateral Cervical

A

1) upright
2) shoulder to film
3) coronal plane perpendicular to film
4) beam perpendicular to film
5) Co - C7
6) head and neck in neutral position
7) good superposition of R and L articular pillars

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17
Q

Lateral Cervical ABCs of Bone

A

1) cortical margins
2) trabecular patterns
3) shape of bones
4) size of bones
5) density of bones
7) specific structures

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18
Q

Lateral Cervical ABCs - C

A

1) IVDs
2) zygaphophyseal joints
3) uncovertebral joint spaces
4) temporomandibular joint spaces

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19
Q

Lateral Cervical ABCs - A

A

1) neutral position
2) specific relationships
3) measurements

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20
Q

Neutral position

A

1) use hard palate for reference

2) should be parallel to floor

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21
Q

Assess for rotation

A

1) posterior body margin
2) angle of the mandible
3) superimposed facets

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22
Q

5 cervical lines

A

1) prevertebral tissue
2) anterior body line
3) posterior body line
4) spinolaminar junction line
5) spinous process interspacing

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23
Q

Prevertebral soft tissue line

A

1) retropharangeal (Co -C2)
2) retrolaryngeal (C3 - C5)
3) retrotracheal (below C6)

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24
Q

Rule of 2s and 6s

A

C2 < 6mm

C6 < 22mm

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25
Q

Anterior vertebral bodies

A

1) smooth curve
2) no interruptions
3) not as sensitive for vertebral displacement as PVBL

26
Q

Posterior vertebral body line

A

1) George’s line
2) smooth curve
3) uninterrupted line
4) evaluates vertebral body displacement
5) *superior and inferior body corners

27
Q

Spinolaminar junction line

A

1) posterior cervical line

2) evaluates for displacement

28
Q

Spinous process interspaces

A

1) check for equal spacing between spinous processes

29
Q

Atlanto-dental interspace

A

1) posterior aspect of C1 anterior tubercle and anterior aspect of e dens
2) adults < 3mm
3) children < 5mm

30
Q

Dens to foremen magnum

A

1) McGregor’s line

2) tip of the dens < 10mm above line

31
Q

Lateral Cervical ABCs - S

A

1) pharyngeal Air Shadow
2) laryngeal air shadow
3) tracheal air shadow
4) calcification of cartilages
5) posterior cervical soft tissues

32
Q

AP Lower Cx (structures visualized)

A

1) C3-C7 vertebral bodies
2) posterior elements
3) uncinate processes and uncovertebral joint spaces
4) soft tissues of neck

33
Q

AP Cervical Alignment

A

1) centered at C4
2) postural/bilateral symmetry
3) tracheal air shadow
4) spinous processes
5) lateral body margins
6) head position
7) vertebral end plates
8) clavicles
9) posterior ribs

34
Q

Tracheal air shadow

A

1) should be midline
2) constant diameter
3) laryngeal construction, narrow when patient hold breath, opens when patient is breathing

35
Q

Spinous process AP Cervical alignment

A

1) should form vertical midline

36
Q

Pedicles AP Cervical alignment

A

1) little circles form vertical line equidistant from midline
2) cancers can cause them to be missing

37
Q

Lateral body margins AP cervical alignment

A

1) vertical lines equidistant from midline

38
Q

Articular pillars AP cervical alignment

A

1) lateral margins
2) smooth sinusoidal lines
3) vertical orientation
4) equidistant from midline

39
Q

Head position AP cervical alignment

A

1) level horizontally

2) assess for rotation and lateral flexion

40
Q

Mandible AP cervical alignment

A

1) level horizontally

2) not rotated

41
Q

Vertebral endplates AP cervical alignment

A

1) level horizontally
2) assess for lateral flexion
3) uncinate processes continuous with superior body margin
4) anterior body margins have inferior lipping

42
Q

Clavicles AP cervical alignment

A

1) equidistant from midline
2) similar horizontal orientation
3) magnification and distortion

43
Q

Posterior Rib AP cervical alignment

A

1) horizontal
2) assess bilaterally
3) symmetrical in spacing and orientation
4) rib 1 = T1

44
Q

AP Cervical ABCs - Bone

A

1) cortical margins
2) internal matrix and trabecular patterns
3) size, shape, position of all bones
4) bilateral structural comparison
5) compare structures to layers above and below
6) evaluate all osseous structures

45
Q

Cortical margins AP cervical bone

A

1) cortical integrity
2) cortical thickness
3) smooth, even, and uninterrupted

46
Q

internal matrix and trabeculae AP cervical bone

A

1) density

2) definition of trabecular pattern

47
Q

Structures seen on cervical obliques

A

1) vertebral bodies
2) pedicles, lamina
3) articular pillars
4) SPs behind spine
5) TPs: IVF side on end

48
Q

McGregor’s Line

A

1) lateral skull/cervical
2) posterior hard palate to most inferior occipital bone
3) dens projection
males < 8mm
Females < 10mm

49
Q

Chamberlain’s Line

A

1) lateral skull/cervical
2) posterior hard palate to posterior foremen magnum
3) dens projection
Males - 3mm
Females - 7mm

50
Q

Macrae’s Line

A

1) lateral, without flexion

2) anterior to posterior borders of foremen magnum

51
Q

Atlantodental interval

A

1) lateral cervical spine
2) posterior margin of anterior tubercle of C1 to nearest point on the anterior margin of the dens
3) child <3mm

52
Q

George’s Line

A

1) posterior body margin line
2) lateral spine
3) line drawn along the posterior aspect of the vertical bodies
4) listhesis
5) instability if >4mm

53
Q

Spinolaminar junction line

A

1) posterior cervical line
2) lateral spine
3) most anterior point of the spinolaminar junction at each level
4) listhesis

54
Q

Sagittal dimension of the cervical spinal canal

A

1) C1 = 16mm
2) C2 = 14mm
3) C3 = 13mm
4) C4-C7 = 12mm

55
Q

Atlantoaxial alignment

A

1) AP open mouth

2) lateral mass of atlas should not overhang lateral margin of axis superior facet (1mm)

56
Q

Coronal dimensions of the cervical spine interpediculate distance

A

1) shortest distance between the inner cortical margins of the pedicles at any given segment
2) stenosis

57
Q

Cervical gravity line

A

1) lateral cervical

2) apex of the dens through the 7th cervical vertebral body

58
Q

Angle of Cervical curve

A

1) lateral cervical
2) two lines drawn
3) one through and parallel to inferior endplates if the 7th cervical body
4) other through the midpoints of the anterior and posterior tubercles of the atlas.

59
Q

Prevertebral soft tissue

A

1) lateral cervical
2) space between vertebral bodies and the air shadow of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea
3) 10mm C1
6mm C2
20mm C6

60
Q

Powers index

A

1) line from anterior foramen magnum to the spinolaminar junction of C1
2) line from posterior foramen magnum to the posterior margin of the anterior tubercle of C1
3) line 1 should be smaller than line 2

Radiographic Anatomy I (2 decks)

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