Evaluate the view that the process of globalisation has led to changes in the types of crimes committed. Flashcards
How has globalisation facilitated transnational organised crime?
Globalisation has enabled criminal networks to operate across multiple countries. Castells (2010) argues that these networks often collaborate with state officials and legitimate businesses, making them harder to regulate.
What is an example of transnational organised crime linked to globalisation?
The McMafia (Glenny, 2008) refers to criminal networks that emerged after the fall of communism in Russia and Eastern Europe. These networks exploited global trade systems to traffic illegal goods and services.
What is the criticism of the view that globalisation created transnational organised crime?
Farr (2005) argues that organised crime existed long before globalisation. Globalisation has only increased its efficiency and scope, and law enforcement agencies are catching up through improved international cooperation.
How has globalisation contributed to the global crime economy?
Castells (1998) estimates the global crime economy to be worth over £1 trillion annually. Deregulation and economic inequality have enabled crimes like tax evasion, fraud, and human trafficking.
What is an example of how globalisation has exacerbated economic crime?
Rothe & Friedrichs (2015) argue that international financial organisations impose economic programmes that worsen poverty, creating conditions for crime. For example, economic restructuring in Rwanda contributed to unemployment and the 1994 genocide.
What is the analysis of the global crime economy?
Globalisation enables multinational corporations to exploit weak regulatory systems, leading to crimes such as tax evasion, fraud, and corruption. Economic inequality fuels crimes like human trafficking and smuggling, where people seek illegal means of financial survival.
How has globalisation led to the growth of cybercrime?
Advances in ICT and mass media have facilitated crimes like hacking, financial fraud, and identity theft. Cryptocurrency has made money laundering easier, and cybercriminals operate across borders.
What is an example of cybercrime facilitated by globalisation?
INTERPOL and Europol report that cybercriminal organisations use global networks for financial fraud, phishing scams, and ransomware attacks. The dark web and encrypted transactions make it harder to track offenders.
What is the analysis of the growth of cybercrime?
Unlike traditional crimes, cybercrime is borderless and much harder to police. The dark web and encrypted transactions make it difficult for law enforcement agencies to track offenders, allowing criminals to remain anonymous and operate internationally.
How has globalisation increased state control over crime?
Beck (1992) argues that globalisation creates a ‘global risk consciousness,’ where people fear international threats like terrorism and cybercrime. This has led to increased surveillance and security measures.
What is an example of increased state control due to globalisation?
After the 9/11 attacks, counterterrorism laws led to tighter border security, mass surveillance, and expanded police powers worldwide, impacting privacy and civil liberties.
What is the analysis of increased state control due to globalisation?
Governments justify tighter immigration controls, surveillance measures, and anti-terror laws in response to global crime threats. While these policies may deter some crimes, they have also raised concerns over racial profiling, mass surveillance, and the erosion of civil liberties.
