Eval of common pathologies Flashcards
when reading a radiograph, what are the ABCs
alignment, bone density, cartilage space, soft tissues
osteopetrosis (genetic) makes your bones appear more or less dense
more (white) bone is too hard/too dense/brittle
osteopoikilosis
metabolic disease (bone appears spotty)
osteoporosis
weakening of the bone
osteomalacia
softening of the bone
local density changes
sclerosis
T/F plain films image cartilage
F thats why we call it cartilage space
If joint space is narrowed,
Degenerative Joint Disease
If joint space is widened.
effusion, infection
difference in presentation of RA vs OA
RA-cysts, OA sclerosis
Whats the difference between an open and closed fracture
open is through the skin
3 types of bone breaks
complete, comminuted (more than two pieces), incomplete
5 Epiphyseal (Salter-Harris) fractures specific to pediatrics
- Through growth plate
- through growth plate and into metaphysis
- through the epihysis and into epiphyseal plate
- through epiphysis, epiphyseal plate and metaphysis
- impaction of epiphyseal plate (compressed)
what is the most common epiphyseal fracture
- (through growth plate and into metaphysis
Which epiphyseal fracture will definitely leat to growth problems
5 impaction of epiphyseal plate (compressed)
how do you label displacement fractures
distal fragment in relationship to the proximal fragment
What are the 4 directions of fracture lines
Transverse (straight across), longitudinal (down the length), oblique (at an angle), spiral
which direction of fracture lines can heal better due to increased surface area if there are no extra complications
sprial
which type of fracture will show a hot area in a bone scan
stress fracture. xray will show increased density around 2 weeks post-injury
Three types of incomplete fractures in children
greenstick, plastic bowing (more of a deformity), torus (buckle) fx- usually heal well (torus)
