Europeans Establish Colonies Study Guide Flashcards
What is the significance of the year 1607?
Jamestown is established.
What is the significance of the year 1619?
Virginia House of Burgesses
What is the significance of the year 1620?
The arrival of the Pilgrims and the Mayflower Compact.
Why is Jamestown a significant colony in U.S. History?
First permanent and successful English settlement in modern day US.
Why was Jamestown established?
To create wealth/find gold in the new world
What is the main cash crop of the Jamestown settlement?
Tobacco
Describe the significance of the Virginia House of Burgesses.
It was the first English representative government in America.
Define representative government.
A type of democracy where elected persons represent a group of people.
Why was the colony of Plymouth established?
Religious freedom, escape persecution
What is the significance of the Mayflower Compact?
It was the first document to establish self-government in the New World. (Law made by the people is the rule of law)
What does the Virginia House of Burgesses, Mayflower Compact, and Fundamental Orders of Connecticut it have in common?
Forms of self government and support the growth of representative government in the colonies
The Thirteen Colonies were primarily located along the what?
Eastern coast of North America
How did the Pilgrims survive their first year at Plymouth?
They established a peace treaty and agreed to trade for animal furs. One Wampanoag man, Squanto, had traveled to Europe and could speak some English. He agreed to stay with the Pilgrims and teach them how to survive. He taught them how to plant corn, where to hunt and fish, and how to survive through the winter.
Identify the New England Colonies.
New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. (HMRC)
Identify the Middle Colonies.
Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, and Delaware. (PYJD)
Identify the Southern Colonies.
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. (MVCCG)
Define cash crops.
A cash crop or profit crop is an agricultural crop which is grown to sell for profit.
Examples of cash crops in the colonies are what?
Tobacco, indigo, cotton, sugarcane, and rice. (TICSR)
Define mercantilism.
A popular economic philosophy in the 17th and 18th centuries. In this system, the British colonies were moneymakers for the mother country. The British put restrictions on how their colonies spent their money so that they could control their economies.
How did the environment influence the economy of the New England colonies?
Because the soil was rocky and the climate was often harsh, colonists in the New England only farmed enough to feed their families. Some of these crops included corn, beans, and squash. The New England colonies, however, were full of forests, giving the colonists the important natural resource of trees (timber, shipbuilding).
How did the environment influence the economy of the middle colonies?
Their climate is cold, they have wet/long winters, and hot summers with plenty of rain. Most farms grow wheat, rye, barley (BREADBASKET). The rivers and ports in the Middle Colonies allowed merchants to bring goods in and out of the area. This contributed to the region becoming a center of colonial trade.
How did the environment influence the economy of the Southern Colonies?
The environmental factors that made farming in the Southern colonies the most productive was: rich soil, flat ground and a longer growing season. Plantations were very large and produced cash crops of tobacco, cotton, indigo, sugarcane and rice.
How did the migration of Europeans to North America affect Native Americans?
Diseases spread, conflict over land, Columbian exchange
Which group first settled the colony of Maryland to escape persecution in England?
Catholics
Describe Oglethorpe’s plan for settling Georgia.
James Oglethorpe asked King George for permission to create a utopian experiment for English citizens imprisoned for debt. England’s prison population could be decreased, and thousands of individuals could be given a new chance at life.
Describe William Penn’s plan for settling Pennsylvania with the Quakers.
Penn established the Province of Pennsylvania as a “holy experiment”–intended for Quakers but open to everyone. Penn believed in religious toleration.
Describe Maryland’s Toleration Act of 1649.
The act was meant to ensure freedom of religion for Christian settlers of diverse persuasions in the colony.
What trade route brought slaves to the Thirteen English Colonies?
Transatlantic Slave Trade
Describe the Pilgrims of Plymouth.
The Pilgrims who settled Plymouth colony belonged to the most extreme and uncompromising sect of Puritans. They were separatists, who had broken all ties with the Church of England. -Mayflower Compact
Describe the Puritans of Massachusetts Bay Colony.
English Protestants who were committed to “purifying” the Church of England by eliminating all aspects of Catholicism from religious practices.
Describe the Quakers of Pennsylvania.
The colony of Pennsylvania was founded by Wiliam Penn in 1682 as a safe place for Quakers to live and practice their faith. Quakers have been a significant part of the movements for the abolition of slavery, to promote equal rights for women, and peace.
What were some of the southern colonies’ successes and failures?
Virginia—profit with tobacco; Maryland—first law supporting religious toleration; Carolinas—managed poorly and bought by British government; Georgia—settlers unhappy with Oglethorpe’s laws so it was bought by British government
How did disagreements cause new colonies to be established?
Roger Williams and his followers started the Rhode Island colony after they were forced to leave Massachusetts over disagreements with colony leadership. Anne Hutchinson and her followers were also forced to leave Massachusetts. They started the colony of Portsmouth.
What happened in 1664?
An English fleet captured New Netherland from the Dutch and renamed it New York.
How did the Great Awakening affect the English colonists?
It led some colonists to begin demanding more political equality.
