Europeanisation

Question 1

What is the definition of Europeanisation

Answer 1

The dynamic process of change in which EU policies, institutions and norms influence the domestic politics, governance and societies of its member states

Similar to globalisation but with a more localised and political dynamic

Question 2

What is the two-way process of Europeanisation

Answer 2

• Top-Down - Eu Policies shape member states ( Green Deal )
• Bottom Up - Member states influence EU policies through lobbying and participation (Germany’s push for strict fiscal rules in the EU)

Question 3

What are the elements of Europeanisation

Answer 3

• Changes in domestic policies due to EU influence
• Exporting EU Governance and procedures beyond its borders
• EU Enlargement and Intensifying unification

Question 4

What are the main mechanisms of Europeanisation

Answer 4

** Policy Transfer and Adaptation **
* Member states must align naational policies with EU laws
* Some Policies fit well with national traditions whilst others require major reforms
Institutional Change
* The EU multi level governance system reshapes domestic institutions
* National Parliaments lose power as EU regulations becoming binding
Europeanisation of Malta
* Malta’s EU accession has triggerred profound changed in economic policies, governance and laws
* EU structural funds have modernised Malta’s infrastructure
* Migration and Asylum policies are now heavily influenced by EU regulations

Question 5

Challenges of Europeanisation

Answer 5

• Some Governments resist EU policies on sovereign-sensitive issues like migration and taxation
• Hungary and Poland frequently challenge EU supremacy

Question 6

Hard vs Soft Elements of Europeanisation

Answer 6

Hard Elements
* Directives - Directs laws
* Regulations - Must be directly transposed

Soft Elements
* Recommendations
* Derogations
* Beliefs
* Norms
* Values
* Identities
* Cultures

Question 7

Europeanisation Study

Mario Thomas Vassallo

Answer 7

• Interest groups in Malta and Ireland are experiencing Europeanisastion
• EU funding, lobbying, training and networking is shaping domestic groups behaviour
• Domestic groups include Trade Unions, Employer Groups, Civil Society Organisations