European Unification - Key Words and Other notes Flashcards
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Succeeded Oda Nobunaga
Humble origins: rose “from the ranks of the peasantry to become overlord”
Goal is Uniformity
Unification laid the groundwork for the Tokugawa period system of Bakufu (Shogunate) and han (domain) system
Creation of Social classes
Tried to invade Korea in 1592 and 1597
Second invasion terminated upon Hideyoshi’s Death
Slogan of “Peace” used in order to stop the daimyō from fighting each other by redirecting energies abroad.
Hei-nō-Bunri (Separation of Warrior and Farmers)
Repeated Land Surveys
Displacement of Land ownership –
End of the Shoen system
Katanagari ⼑狩– Confiscation of
Weapons – Suspicion of resistance
creation of the eventual
Samurai class
Rise of Daimyō (Domain Lords)
Change in Lord-Vassal Relationship
Central Granary (Rice as Stipend)
Azuchi-Momoyama Period (Social Changes)
Castle-towns as centers of commerce to pay vassals
Minting of coins
Nobunaga promoted trade and
supported merchants
Obsession of imported cultural
products
Era of European Maritime Trade/Exploration
Imported cultural products (such as tea utensils) – fad for foreign objects – a display of power
The Society of Jesus
Portuguese traders (base in Macao) as intermediaries among Japan/China and other countries
New Technology (Guns) and print tech
Daimyōs who converted to Christianity often more interested in
trade opportunities
Kyushu as main base.
Opening of Jesuit press (using chiefly movable type), introduction of pictorial art (pictures for worship)
Hideyoshi’s Invasion of Korea
Internal Pressure
Warriors no longer living off the land
More “taxes” for warriors
Internal Unrest always possible
“Slogan of Peace”
External Ambitions
Unification and Expansion one and
the same
Expulsion of Christianity
1587: Hideyoshi ordered Jesuits to leave the country. Mass persecutions later happened and records of Christians being tortured and forced to renounce their faith.
The Society of Jesus as “foreign domain” that did not conform
Likely due to extraterritoriality that The Society of Jesus was able to attain in 1580: Vicar General of the Society of Jesus in Japan as a daimyō
Hideyoshi compared Christians with Pure Land Extremists
The missionaries did not merely convert the populace but ruthlessly destroyed Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples, claiming they were institutions of idol worship
Context to European Unification Key words
The Ōnin War (1467-1477) -succession dispute during the 8th Ashikaga Shogun, Yoshimasa
Three unifiers: Oda Nobunga, Toyotomi Hideoyoshi, Tokugawa Ieyasu
Yoshimi (Hosokawa) VS Yoshihisa’s family (Yamana)
Hosokawa in power — Sengoku
period
Provinces (kuni) in conflict/alliance
with each other
