EUROPEAN STATES

Question 1

EUROPEAN STATES KNOWN AS

Answer 1

“The Age of Enlightenment”
“The Age of Reason”
Enlightenment is man’s emergence from his nonage.
“The Age of Revivals”

Question 2

A conflict between CLASSIC and GOTHIC architecture

Answer 2

BATTLE OF STYLES

Question 3

ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER OF EUROPEAN STATES

Answer 3

● Imposing / creates an imposing effect
● Eclecticism*
● Taste for exotic forms
● Combining native and foreign styles

Question 4

MATERIALS OF EUROPEAN STATES ARCH.

Answer 4

Stone and brick
Timber
Faience
Vernacular materials

Question 5

WHAT ARE THE 3 PERIODS OF EUROPEAN ARCH.

Answer 5

EARLY VICTORIAN (1830-1850)
HIGH VICTORIAN (1850-1870)
LATE VICTORIAN (1870-1914)

Question 6

Comprises the reigns of George IV (1820-30), William IV. (1830-37), and
Victoria (part of) (1837-51)

Answer 6

EARLY VICTORIAN (1830-1850)

Question 7

coincides roughly with the Fren atch Second Empire and the High
Victorian phase of British architecture

Answer 7

HIGH VICTORIAN (1850-1870)

Question 8

WHAT ARE THE 3 REVIVED STYLE IN HIGH VICTORIAN

Answer 8

Renaissance Revival
Gothic Revival
Old English Manner

Question 9

THIS STRUCTURE WAS INITIATED BY NAPOLEON III, designed by Ludovico Tullio Joachim Visconti (1791-1853)
(HIGH VICTORIAN)

Answer 9

The New Louvre,Paris (1852-1857)

Question 10

designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott
(HIGH VICTORIAN)

Answer 10

The Foreign Office, London (1861-1873)

Question 11

designed by Heinrich von Ferstel (1828-1883)

● built as a thank-offering when an attempt on the
Emperor Franz Josefs life was foiled
● an elaborate essay in Gothic, heralded by tall,
slender western towers with open belfries and
crocketed steeples
(HIGH VICTORIAN)

Answer 11

The Votivkirche, Vienna (1856-1879)

Question 12

designed by Benjamin Woodward (1815-1861), of Deane and Woodward
THIS STRUCTURE showed how the Gothic Revival could be seriously employed for public buildings
(HIGH VICTORIAN)

Answer 12

The University Museum, Oxford (1854-1860)

Question 13

designed by William Butterfield

marks a turning point in the Gothic Revival
(HIGH VICTORIAN)

Answer 13

All Saints, Margaret Street, London (1849-1859)

Question 14

was one of the first examples of Norman Shaw’s
‘Old English’ style

adapting vernacular features to the requirements of
a large house
(HIGH VICTORIAN)

Answer 14

Glen Andred, Groombridge, Sussex (1866-1868)

Question 15

corresponding with the German Second Reich and the late
Victorian/Edwardian phases in Britain.

Answer 15

LATE VICTORIAN (1870-1914)

Question 16

ARCHITECTURAL STYLES OF LATE VICTORIAN

Answer 16

Baroque
Gothic revival
Queen Anne Style
Shingle Style
Art Nouveau

Question 17

• is derived from the villas of Andrea Palladio, the greatest
  architect of the Late Renaissance.

Answer 17

Palladian Architecture

Question 18

WHAT ARE THE 3 NEOCLASSICAL BUILDING TYPES

Answer 18

1.Temple Style
2. Palladian Architecture
3. Classical Block or Beaux

Question 19

• features a design based on an ancient
  temple. Many temple style buildings feature a peristyle
  (a continuous line of columns around a building).

Answer 19

1.Temple Style

Question 20

CHARACTERIZED BY ORDER, SYMMETRY,
FORMAL DESIGN, GRANDIOSITY &
ELABORATE ORNAMENTATION

Answer 20

Classical Block or Beaux ARTS

Question 21

e style, emblematic of Victorian architecture, is characterized by its
distinctive features such as a steep roof with cross gables, asymmetrical front
facade, and an expansive porch adorned with decorative wood trim.

Answer 21

Queen Anne Style

Question 22

England is the birthplace, the forefront of building and
sculpture.

It is a style principally derived from the architectural
antiquity, following the Vitruvian principles
Utilitas, Firmitas, Venustas
Commodity, firmness, delight

Answer 22

NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE

Question 23

e style of architecture is known for its use of shingles on roofs and walls,
creating a monochrome look.

Answer 23

Shingle Style

Question 24

a style
not based on any architecture of the past, but characterised by irregular, organic
curves and generally tendril- or flame like lines.

“THE NEW STYLE”

Answer 24

Art Nouveau

Question 25

Designed by Paul Wallot (1841-1912)
● Was built on a scale suitable for its role as a
symbol of the Second Reich.
(LATE VICTORIAN)

Answer 25

Berlin Reichstag, Berlin (1884-94)

Question 26

● by J. L. Pearson, was incomplete at his death and was continued by his son.
● It exemplifies the architect’s refined Early Gothic style, with lancet windows and
sharp spires rising from square towers to give a powerful vertical emphasis
(LATE VICTORIAN)

Answer 26

Truro Cathedral, Cornwall (1879-191O)

Question 27

It is notable for its ornamental brick features, including thin pilasters, cornices and
fancy gables, but its syncopated composition is more Mannerist than anything known
to the English Renaissance
(LATE VICTORIAN)

Answer 27

Lowther Lodge, Kensington Gore, London (1873- 5)

Question 28

by Edward Schroeder Prior
● Is one of the most thoroughgoing examples of the architecture of the Arts and crafts
movement. The plan, consisting of two diagonal arms linked by a central two-storey
hall, is unusual but practical.
(LATE VICTORIAN)

Answer 28

The Barn, Exmouth, Devon (1896-7)

Question 29

designed in 1894
● By Joseph-Eugene-Anatole de Baudot (1834-1915) a follower of Viollet -Ie-Due,
whose preference for Gothic and advocacy of new materials both influenced de
Baudot’s design
(LATE VICTORIAN)

Answer 29

S. Jean de Montmartre, Paris

Question 30

– FOUNDED BY WALTER GROPIUS
– EMPHASIZED GEOMETRIC FORMS, FLAT
ROOF, LITTLE ORNAMENTATION, MODERN
MATERIALS & SIMPLE COLOR SCHEMES

Answer 30

BAUHAUS

Question 31

ALSO CALLED “STYLE MODERNE”
– STYLE OF DECORATIVE ARCHITECTURE
CHARACTERIZED BY GEOMETRIC MOTIFS,
CURVILINEAR FORMS & BOLD COLORS

Answer 31

ART DECO