European industrialization

Question 1

Belgium

Answer 1

• 1820s (United Kingdom of the Netherlands)
• coal and iron
• English technology and investment
• 1830s (kingdom of Belgium)
• railroad building

Question 2

France

Answer 2

• 1815: peasants and farmers
• small, traditional businesses
• textile
• mining
• industrialization in the 1850s

Question 3

Germany (before 1848)

Answer 3

• some factories, steam driven machines
• coal mines and iron works
• first railway 1835, 1840s major cities linked

Question 4

The revolutions of 1830: context andprelude

Answer 4

Congress of Vienna, 1814 - 1815:
- Austria, Russia, Prussia, Britain, and France
- great power politics / Metternich (1773 - 1859) / concert of Europe / censorship and spies
- restoration of old boundaries
- Poland a client state of Russia
- the United Kingdom of the Netherlands

Question 5

The Holy Alliance: Russia, Prussia, and Austria

Answer 5

• conservatism
  Revolts of the 1820s: Spain, Italy (Carbonari), Russia (Decembrists):
• patriotic and liberal
• nationalist, liberal, secret societies, students, soldiers, intellectuals

Question 6

The revolutions of 1830

Answer 6

France
- restoration / constitutional monarchy
- the July ordinances (dissolves parliament, excludes the commercial middle class from elections, restricts press freedom, called for elections)
- the July revolution: three glorious days
- the July monarchy: bourgeois, enfranchisement from 94000 to 200000 (based on tax), authoritarian