European History: Unit 1 Test Flashcards
Where did the Renaissance begin?
Italy
What was the theme of the reformation?
Religion, specializing in the protestant religion
Who was the catalyst of the religious movement?
Martin Luther
Why was the printing press important?
Because it spread reformation ideas and also helped people be more literate
What groups came out of the counter-reformation?
The Theatines, the Capuchins, the Ursulines, and especially the Jesuits
What changes happened between 1400-1700 in the economy?
What attitudes led to witchcraft?
What is the definition of the renaissance?
a rebirth in culture i.e art, writing, architecture, literature, learning
What time period did the renaissance happen in?
It occured from about 1300-1600
How did the renaissance spread?
It went from italy to the rest of europe
What were the two innovative topics that came out of the renaissance?
art and literature
What two themes changed the culture emerging from the renaissance?
It put a focus on humanism and greek and latin (roman) learning
The three things that came out as a result of the renaissance?
new scientific laws, new forms of art and literature, and new religious as well as political ideas
When did the Renaissance happen?
from 1350-1600
What impact did The Renaissance have on the economy?
Birth of capitalism
What impact did The Renaissance have on social structure?
The decay of feudalism
What impact did The Renaissance have on politics?
The ascent of the monarch, working with new commercial towns to challenge old nobility
the development of nation-states
What impact did The Renaissance have on religion?
The decline of the church, the growth of secularism
What impact did The Renaissance have on culture?
The renewed interest in classical literature and art, the growth of vernacular lit.
What impact did The Renaissance have on science and technology?
The beginnings of modern science ex. printing invented
What impact did The Renaissance have on exploration?
The opening of new trade routes, the discovery of America
Define humanism
an intellectual movement that focused more on human potential and achievements
Who is Erasmus?
The first editor of the New Testament
Who is Thomas More
Refused to declare King Henry as the head of the church
What are the differences between the Italian and North European Renaissance?
Italian: focused on secularism
North Europe: on reforming states with Christian beliefs
Renaissance as a bridge between medieval and modern
It brought more creativity by having a focus on art and literature which brought new architecture, art and writing style , there was global exploration which led to commerce and new scientific discoveries that helped the advancement of society
The “Renaissance Man”
an individual who strived to be a master in all areas of study, good personality and skilled rider, wrestler, and swordsman
Da Vinci
“Mona Lisa”, and “The Last Supper”, An artist, but also a scientist and an inventor, he was a definition of “The Renaissance Man”
Michaelangelo
“The creation of Adam”
Made for the Sistine Chapel, Michaelangelo thought God gave him his talent and was a religious
sculptor, painter, and architect and poetry
Machiavelli
Wrote “The Prince”
diplomat, author, philosopher, and historian
had a theory that it was better to be feared than loved
Gunpowder
it was a precursor to modern science
there was massive political and cultural change, there was a change in warfare forever
Crusades
a series of religious wars which were supported, initiated and sometimes administered by the Christian Latin Church
Pope Julius II
Reigned from 1503- 1513
- an ambitious thecratic monarch
- controlled the Papal states
- leader of Western Christianity
Reformation- definition and dates
An act or process of changing a religious, political, or societal instituion for the better
It was in the 14th century, after the Middle Ages
Martin Luther
started the reformation and founded the Protestant church, nailed 95 theses to a castle church in Wittenberg
Henry VIII
the king of England from 1509- 1547 (15th century)
Split the roman church and created the church of England, the pope was no longer head of the church and Henry named himself head of the church
Ulrich Zwingli
the leader of the reformation in Switzerland, was born during a time of emerging Swiss patriotism and increasing critism of the Swiss mercenary system
John hus
a key predessor to Protestantism, actively preached against the worse abuses of the Roman Church, wanted higher morality across priesthood, burned at the Stake
Indulgences
“buy away your sins”, selling “salavation”
all penance of persons who participated in Crusades and who confessed their sins, anyone could buy away their sins, even for dead family members
Council of Trent
a formal catholic reply to the doctrinal challenges of the Protestant reformation, between 1545- 1563, they were catholic clerics convened by Pope Paul III
Roman Index of prohibited books
The church of Rome and other institutions- sought to implement a widespread censorship and prevent printing, selling, reading, and simple possesion of books deemed dangerous to faith or morals
Pope Paul III
former head of the church from 1534- 1549,notble patron of the arts, encouraged the beginning of the reformation movement but after it affected the Roman Catholic church, he called for the Council of Trent
Counter reformation
a process by which the Catholic Church attempted internal reform and renewed evangelization, efforts in the 16th and 17th centuries to oppose the Protestant reformation and reform the Catholic Church
Providence (God’s justice)
The Renaissance period to represent God, God is sovereign over history and the church, he is engaged in redeeming his people as well as his entire creation. To God, in the end, he uses imperfect people and complex historical events, so that all glory might belong to him
Printing press
spread the ideas of the Protestant reformation, encouraged people to get into literature such as reading and writing
Divine right of kings
the doctrine that asserts that a monarch is not accountable to any earthly authority, such as parliment or pope because their right to rule is derived from divine authrotiy
