European history Flashcards
ancien regime and challenges
-until 1789
-Enlightenment, Rousseau’s social contract, catholicism, raise of taxation
French Revolution
1789-1799
declaration of rights of men and citizen
1789
legal equality, popular sovereignty, popular participation in making law
phases of governing after 1789
-constitutional monarchy 1789-1792
-republic 1792-1795
-directory phase 1795-1799
phases of revolution
-meeting of estate-generals
-declaration of National Assembly
-storming of Bastille 1789 - declaration of rights
-war against Germany in 1792
-king execution in 1793
-radical-directory phases
Napoleon on the throne
-from 3-man consulate to emperor in 1804
-until defeat of Waterloo in 1815
-attempt to expand the empire
napoleonic rule
1804
nobility, censorship, persecution, freedom of religion, equality before the law
congress of Vienna
1815
1st wave of revolutions
1830
success in Greece-Belgium
failure in Poland
year of barricades, rise of nationalism
1848
Paris (Napoleon II, no constitution)
Prussia (constitution, no German unification)
Austria (Franz Joseph, constitution)
industrial revolution
Britain 1780-1820s
Northern Europe 1840-1870s
rest of Europe 1890s
abolition of serfdom in Europe
between 1807-1848
final act of the congress
abolition serfdom in Russia
-Pugacheved revolt 1770s
-peasants revolt 1848-1854
-crimean war 1854-1856
-emancipation edict 1861
Russian expansion
south: between black/Caspian Sea
east: Amur region
west: Moldavia, crimean war
attempt to unify orthodox and slavic countries
unification of Italy
-1820s rise of nationalism
-Mazzini and Garibaldi vs count Cavour
-alliance with France and Napoleon II
-war against Austria (battle of Solferino)
-king Victor Emmanuel in 1861
unification of Germany
-meeting of monarchs in 1863
-small Germany to exclude Austria
-chancellor Bismarck
-Danish-Prussian war 1864
-Austro-Prussian war 1866
-Franco-Prussian war 1870
-emperor William I of Prussia in 1871
colonial expansion and resistance
1870-1916 in Asia and Africa
indian mutiny 1857-1858
religious emancipation
Christians and Pope Pius IX
jewish experience in west/east Europe
muslim diaspora in Ottoman Empire
parliamentarisation
1789-1918
UK in 17th cent
Germany in 1871
Austria in 1867
Russia in 1905
rival empires until 1914
Ottoman empire, Austria-Hungarian empire, Russian empire
1st wave of risings in the Balkans
-1870s Bosnia-Herzegovina (repressed)
-1876 Bulgaria (repressed)
-1878 congress of Berlin
2nd wave of risings in Balkans
-1903 Serbia (coup to replace the king)
-1908 Bosnia (annexed to Austrian empire)
balkan wars
-1912 against Ottoman Empire , victory of Balkan league, independence of Albania
-1913 against Bulgaria, muslim emigration to Ottoman Empire
origins of WW1
Paris peace treaty
new European order
triple alliance 1882 - triple entente 1904
colonial ambitions
nationalism and revenges
outbreak of WW1
-28 June 1914 assassination of Franz Ferdinand
-23 July ultimatum to Serbia from Austria
-3 August Germany invasion of France, Britain joined
Russian revolution
-1905 peasants revolution, concession of Duma
-defeat of Russian troops in east Prussia
-1917 winter revolution, abdication of Tsar, provisional Menshevik government
-1917 October revolution, Bolshevik took power, URSS
