European Expansion

Question 1

Where did Europeans obtain luxury products?

Answer 1

Asia and Africa

Question 2

What was the name of the route where Europeans traded?

Answer 2

The Silk Road

Question 3

Where did the majority of goods pass through?

Answer 3

Constantinople

Question 4

What were the names of the four powerful European kingdoms?

Answer 4

Portugal
Spain
France
England

Question 5

What products did the Europeans want to obtain?

Answer 5

Precious metals (gold and silver)

Spices
(cloves, nutmeg, cinnamon, ginger and pepper)

Cloth
(silk and other fabrics)

Question 6

What year did the Ottoman Empire capture Constantinople?

Answer 6

1453

Question 7

Why did the Europeans have to explore uncharted waters and discover unknown territories?

Answer 7

The Ottoman Empire controlled a large part of trade between Europe and Asia. Some Ottoman merchants refused to trade with Europeans, or imposed heavy taxes, which increases the cost of goods from Asia.

Question 8

What were the three motivations and challenges of voyages of exploration?

Answer 8

Economic
Political
Religious

Question 9

What were the stakes for economic motivations?

Answer 9

Discover new routes.

Explore unknown territories and exploit their resources.

Question 10

What were the stakes for political motivations?

Answer 10

Take possession of new territories.

Increase the power of the kingdoms.

Question 11

What was the stake for religious motivations?

Answer 11

Convert conquered peoples to Christanity.

Question 12

What is a caravel and what was it used for?

Answer 12

A stable, fast, and highly manoeuvrable sailing ship. Its height made it capable of withstanding strong waves, while its width gave it stability.

Question 13

What was an astrolabe and what was it used for?

Answer 13

It measures the height of the stars relative to the horizon. This is used to calculate latitude, meaning the ship’s position relative to the equator.

Question 14

What are the two types of colonies?

Answer 14

Trading Posts

Settler Colonies

Question 15

What three continents did triangular trade go through?

Answer 15

Europe

Africa

the Americas

Question 16

Across which ocean did triangular trade go through?

Answer 16

Atlantic Ocean

Question 17

What were the three things that were traded through the triangular trade?

Answer 17

Manufactured goods

Enslaved people

Raw materials

Question 18

What is a colony?

Answer 18

Places in the world that are controlled by mother countries and work for them.

Question 19

What were the three civilizations with millions of people that lived in South and Central America before European contact?

Answer 19

Aztec Civilization

Maya Civilization

Inca Civilization

Question 20

How were the Indigenous and European trade different?

Answer 20

Indigenous:
Exchanges were made by means of barter.
Trade was based on alliances, and was done only with allies.

Europeans:
Currency was used in commercial exchanges.
The goal of trade was to make a profit.

Question 21

How were the Indigenous and European religious beliefs different?

Answer 21

Indigenous:
Spiritual beliefs were based on the interconnection of all species, the natural world and different spirits and deities.

Europeans:
Practised monotheistic religions, such as Christianity and Judaism which believed in one God.

Question 22

Name one thing that lead to the decrease in Indigenous population.

Answer 22

Disease

Violence

Difficult living conditions forced upon them by European colonizers

Question 23

What caused deadly diseases?

Answer 23

Europeans arriving in the Americas brought serious diseases for which Indigenous populations had no antibodies (natural protection) . Measles, smallpox, influenza, tuberculosis, and the plague took many millions of lives. Epidemics were the main cause of mortality during the early stages of colonization.

Question 24

What did the Spanish conquistadors do to the Indigenous people?

Answer 24

They were brutally violent toward Indigenous people. They plundered riches and seized land throughout Central and South America. Already weakened by disease, Indigenous people were driven from their lands and enslaved or used as forced labourers. In just a few year, the Spanish conquered the great Aztec, Inca and Maya civilizations.

Question 25

Name one way the Europeans impacted the Indigenous way of life and culture.

Answer 25

Europeans forced the Indigenous to:

Leave their traditional culture.

Become sedentary.

Give up their land and their religious beliefs and practices.

Question 26

Name one way the Europeans impacted the Indigenous economic and political systems.

Answer 26

Alliances and trade networks were broken.

They became dependant on trade with Europeans.

They were forced to submit to the authority of the European colonizers.

Question 27

In which continent were people captured and sold for enslavement?

Answer 27

Africa

Question 28

In which continent were raw materials extracted?

Answer 28

the Americas

Question 29

In which continent were finished goods manufactured?

Answer 29

Europe

Question 30

Who was the first European to reach India?

Answer 30

Vasco Da Gama (1497-1499)

Question 31

Which European founded the United States?

Answer 31

Christopher Columbus (1492)

Question 32

Which European landed in Newfoundland, but thought it was China and Japan?

Answer 32

John Cabot (1497)

Question 33

Which European founded Canada?

Answer 33

Jacques Cartier (1534)

Question 34

Which European founded South America?

Answer 34

Pedro Alvares Cabral (1500)

Question 35

Which European was the first to cross the Pacific ocean?

Answer 35

Ferdinand Magellan (1519-1522)