Europe Test Part 1 Flashcards
Test Tuesday, January 29!
Berlin Conference
European countries had already begun to colonize Africa. Reasons for the conference:
- Protect trade routes
- National prestige
- Competition between England and France
- Source of raw materials and markets for goods
- Threat of war between European countries
- Quest for power - more land controlled = more power
- The White Man’s Burden - Civilizing effect on Africa - ports, railways, justice system, and the Christian religion.
French Indochina
Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam were seized by France in the late 1850s and 1860s and was almost 50% larger than France itself.
Joseph Stalin
Was the leader of the Soviet Union during WWII and responsible for more deaths caused by the Holocaust.
Emperor Hirohito
Leader of Japan during WWII
Dunkirk
Germany invades France through the Ardennes Forest with tanks - French had set up all their defenses at the Maginot Line.
The British were trapped between the Nazi Army and the English Channel - Word got around and soon British ships, private yachts, fishing boats, and just about anything that could float ferried men back to England - rescued 300,000 men. (Miracle of Dunkirk)
Franklin Roosevelt
President of the US of A during WWII - had a close friendship with Winston Churchill.
Ijsselmeer
a freshwater lake separated from the North Sea by a dike and surrounded by polders
Terpen
high earthen platforms used in sea works
Scandinavian Peninsula
Consists of Norway and Sweden.
Sirocco
a hot, steady south wind that blows from North Africa across the Mediterranean Sea into southern Europe, mostly in spring
WWI Powers
Allies: Serbia, Russia, France, Romania, Belgium, British Empire (David Lloyd George / George V) United States (Woodrow Wilson), Italy (Vittorio Emanuele III / Vittorio Orlando), and others
Central: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire
King Leopold ll
Ruler of Belgium- wanted to conrol the Congo Basin when countries were dividing up Africa.
Benito Mussolini
A.K.A. El Duce - leader of Italy during WWII
Winston Churchill
Became Prime Minister of Britain during the WWII and swore that Britain would never give up.
Operation Overlord
The operation that led to the D-Day invasion.
Adolph Hitler
The dictator who led Nazi Germany and is responsible for the Holocaust.
Polder
land that is reclaimed from the sea or another body of water by diking and drainage
Holocaust
Approximately 12 million people were killed because of Nazi genocidal policy. It was the explicit aim or Hitler’s regime to create a European world both dominated and populated by the “Aryan” race. The Nazi machinery was dedicated to eradicating millions of people it deemed undesirable. Some people were “undesirable” because of who they were, their genetic or cultural origins, or health conditions (Jews, Gypsies, Poles and other Slavs, and people with physical or mental disabilities. Others were victims because of what they did (Jehovah’s Witnesses, homosexuals, the dissenting clergy, Communists, Socialists, asocials, and other political enemies. Those believed by Hitler and the Nazis to be enemies of the state were banished to camps. Inside the concentration camps, prisoners were forced to wear various colored triangles, each color denoting a different group.
Balkan Peninsula
Consists of Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania, Macedonia, Serbia, Kosovo, Greece, Bulgaria… Turkey (Europe), Romania, and Slovenia?
Mistral
a cold, dry wind from the north
British Raj
It was the English/British rule on India, which lasted 90 years. The British East India Company controlled most of India. The native soldiers that were recruited to enforce their policies were known as Sepoys. The British did not try to understand the Muslim and Hindu religions. When the Sepoys were given cartridges that had been packed in cow and pig fat, the Sepoys refused to touch the cartridges and this led to the Sepoys Rebellion. The British brutally supressed the rebellion and ignored the self-determination for the Indian people. From India, they also moved into Burma.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
He and his wife Sofia were in Sarajevo to visit army troops (he was heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne). A group called the “Black Hand” planned to assassinate the Archduke. They stationed 22 men every 500 yards along a motor route- each had grenade and pistol. The first attempt failed (grenade). The Archduke made a stop at city hall and was urged to leave so he did and came to a turn in the route and the car slowed down. A man named Gavrila Princip drew a pistol and shot pregnant Sofia in the stomach, killing her instantly. He then shot the Archduke near the heart (last word was “Sofia”). Germany then issued a “blank check” to help Austria-Hungary.
