Europe Lit Flashcards
colossus of culture
europe
The dominance of European culture is reflected in (and even partly brought about by) its ____________. Since Ancient times, writers from Europe have produced landmark works of literature.
literary tradition
Today, _______ are studied, appreciated, and emulated worldwide.
Europeans classics
____________________
750 BC, During this time, two important works were conceived. On the one hand, the ____________ was starting to take shape. Composed of _____ books written originally in Hebrew, __________ consisted of several genres, including tales, lyric poetry, and histories. Between 750 BC and 350 BC, different authors composed the works that would make up the majority of the old testament
Archaic Times
Old Testament of the Bible
39
The Old testament
_______________
great epics chronicled the destinies of Greek heroes
traditionally attributed to _______
These greek works ere believed by some scholars to have been composed across centuries by poets using _________
Archaic Times
Iliad and Odyssey
Homer
oral tradition
______________
the Greek tradition at this time boasted of _________, whose Theogony and Works and Days were important archaic texts
Archaic Times
Hesiod
________________-
As the dawn of the Common Era (CE) approached, _________ continued to be a cultural juggernaut.
During the 5th and 4th centuries BCE, the __________ blossomed.
Playwrights of ________ (Such as Aristophanes) and _______ (such as Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides) flourished during this time.
________ was also strong, thanks to writers like ________. Of note are the varied works of the great philosophers ________.
Classical Times
Greece
Greek drama
Comedy
Tragedy
Lyrical poetry
Pindar and Sappho
Plato and Aristotle
________________
The legacy of the Greek Culture was later preserved by the ______________, who modelled their empire and civilization after the Greeks. When Rome became an empire in 27 BC, the ruler Augustus Caesar needed a literary work that would embody Rome’s greatness.
Nearly a decade later, _____ was renowned for _______, an Epic modelled on Iliad and Odyssey.
Another Prominent name during this time was _________, who wrote a very long narrative poem titled “The Metamorphoses” Rome also produced literary giants in Poetry (Horace), drama (Seneca, Plautus, and Terence), and prose (Cicero and Apuleius)
Classical Times
Romans
Virgil
Aeneid
Ovid
______________
Marked by the fall of the Western Roman Empire (Around 476CE) and the fall of eastern roman empire (around 1453CE)
_________ and _________ rose to become political, social and cultural institutions. Two notable names from the religious aspect were ___________ (whose The Confessions and City of God remain spiritual pillars to this day) and ___________ (whose three-part Divine Comedy envisions a Christian soul’s journey in the afterlife)
Medieval Period
Christian and Islam
St. Augustine
Dante Alighieri
_____________
____________, which traced their roots to the Homeric epics, also endured
The tradition of chivalry emerged in the works related to _______________.
_____________ earned the titled “Father of English Literature” with his crowning achievement, The Canterbury tales
Medieval Period
Warrior Cultures
King Arthur
Geoffrey Chaucer
____________________
From the mid-14th century to the mid-17th century, cultures across Europe shifted their focus towards ____________________. On the political end, the collapse of Roman Empire was followed by the emergence of ________________ as political powers. But Italy remained a hub of culture as writers like Petrarch, Boccaccio, and Machiavelli produced acclaimed works.
England had ____________, whose poems and plays had become hallmarks of world literature
France brought ________________ to the literary scene as the pioneer of the essay.
Renaissance
humanism and classicism
England, France and Spain
Shakespeare
Michele de Montaigne
_________________________
In the _______________ (mid-17th century to the late 18th century), ________ was thrust in to the foreground as it dominated all aspects of European society.
Philosophies, like _______________ , shone in the limelight.
Neoclassical and Romantic Periods
Neoclassical Period
reason
rationalism and empiricism
______________________________
_________________ (late 18th century to mid mid-19th century) came about as a response to Neoclassicism.
_________ sought to empower the ____ by emphasizing individually and innovation.
Neoclassical and Romantic Periods
The Romantic Movement
Romanticism
“I”
_______________________
____________ rose to prominence in the 19th century. Being similar philosophies, they aimed to present life as it is.
These perspectives were concretized in prose works like novels and plays.
Realism, Naturalism, Modernism
Realism and naturalism
_______________________
_____________ is an umbrella term that referred to early 20th century literary movements like symbolism, expressionism, and futurism
Realism, Naturalism,
Modernism
