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History > Europe Exploration > Flashcards

Europe Exploration Flashcards

1
Q

Columbian Exchange

A

An exchange of goods, ideas and skills from the Old World (Europe, Asia and Africa) to the New World (North and South America) and vice versa.

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2
Q

Smallpox

A

A highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever, weakness, and skin eruption with pustules that form scabs; responsible for killing Native Americans.

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3
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506)

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4
Q

Black Legend

A

Belief that the Spanish only killed, tortured, and stole in the Americas while doing nothing good

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5
Q

Jamestown

A

The first permanent English settlement in North America, found in East Virginia

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6
Q

joint-stock company

A

a company whose stock is owned jointly by the shareholders.

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7
Q

Mayflower Comapct

A

a document written by the Pilgrims establishing themselves as a political society and setting guidelines for self-government

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8
Q

New Amsterdam

A

Dutch colonial settlement that served as the capital of New Netherland. This later became “New York City”

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9
Q

New France

A
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10
Q

Pilgrims

A

English Puritans who founded Plymouth colony in 1620

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11
Q

Plymouth Colony

A

A colony established by the English Pilgrims, or Seperatists, in 1620. The Seperatists were Puritans who abandoned hope that the Anglican Church could be reformed. Plymouth became part of Massachusetts in 1691.

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12
Q

Powhatan

A

Indian chief and founder of the Powhatan confederacy of tribes in eastern Virginia

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13
Q

Puritans

A

A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay.

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14
Q

Separatists

A

Small group of Puritans who sought to break away entirely from the Church of England; after initially settling in Holland, a number of English Separatists made their way to Plymouth Bay, Massachusetts in 1620.

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15
Q

Settler Colonialism

A

displacement and pacification of indigenous people and expropriation of their lands and resources

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16
Q

Starving Time

A

The winter of 1609 to 1610 was known as the “starving time” to the colonists of Virginia. Only sixty members of the original four-hundred colonists survived. The rest died of starvation because they did not possess the skills that were necessary to obtain food in the new world.

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17
Q

Tobacco

A

Cash crop that made a profit and saved Jamestown

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18
Q

Virginia Company

A

Joint-Stock Company in London that received a charter for land in the new world. Charter guarantees new colonists same rights as people back in England.

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19
Q

Virgina House of Burgesses

A

(1619) First elected colonial legislative assembly; had power to make laws and levy taxes.

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20
Q

Wampanoag

A

the Indians that were invited to the first Thanksgiving hosted by pilgrams

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21
Q

John Rolfe

A

He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony.

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22
Q

John Smith

A

English explorer who helped found/lead the colony at Jamestown, Virginia

23
Q

Massaoit

A

The Wampanoag chief who signed a peace treaty with the Plymouth Pilgrims in 1621. His name was actually Ousamequin.

24
Q

Pocohontas

A

An American Indian princess who saved the life of John Smith and helped form more peaceful relations with the Powhatan when she married John Rolfe but died of smallpox in England on a visit to Rolfe’s family. Her remains are still there as the English government refuses to send her remains back to North America.

25
Q

Samoset and Squanto

A

acted as translators between puritans and indians and brought supplies to help pilgrams survive

26
Q

Bacon’s Rebellion

A

1676 - Nathaniel Bacon and other western Virginia settlers were angry at Virginia Governor Berkley for trying to appease the Doeg Indians after the Doegs attacked the western settlements. The frontiersmen formed an army, with Bacon as its leader, which defeated the Indians and then marched on Jamestown and burned the city. The rebellion ended suddenly when Bacon died of an illness.

27
Q

cash crop

A

a crop produced for its commercial value rather than for use by the grower.

28
Q

Chattel Slavery

A

A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold like property.

29
Q

Chesapeake Colonies

A

Term for the colonies of Maryland and Virginia

30
Q

Dominion of New England

A

1686 - The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros). The Dominion ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros.

31
Q

Glorious Revolution

A

A reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange.

32
Q

Indentured Servants

A

Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years

33
Q

King Philip’s War

A
  1. longest and bloodiest conflict between settlers and natives in 17th century, native Wampanoags under KIng Phillip ( Indian Chieftain) resisted England encroachment on their land, they killed many settlers in Mass, English joined with Mohawks to defeat them
34
Q

Middle Colonies

A

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware

35
Q

Middle Passage

A

A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies

36
Q

Navigation Acts

A

Acts passed in 1660 passed by British parliament to increase colonial dependence on Great Britain for trade; limited goods that were exported to colonies; caused great resentment in American colonies.

37
Q

New England Colonies

A

Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire

38
Q

Quakers

A

English dissenters who broke from Church of England, preache a doctrine of pacificism, inner divinity, and social equity, under William Penn they founded Pennsylvania

39
Q

Pequot War

A

1637: The Bay colonists wanted to claim Connecticut for themselves but it belonged to the Pequot. The colonists burned down their village and 400 were killed.

40
Q

Royal Colony

A

A colony under the direct control of a monarch

41
Q

Salem Witch Trials

A

1629: outbreak of witchcraft accusations in a Massachussetts Bay puritan village marked by an atmosphere of fear, hysteria and stress. Spectral evidence was used frequently.

42
Q

Salutary Neglect

A

an English policy of relaxing the enforcement of regulations in its colonies in return for the colonies’ continued economic loyalty

43
Q

Southern Colonies

A

Made money by having slaves grow cash crops on plantations due to rich soil and warm climate. (Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia)

44
Q

Trans-Atlantic Trade

A

the trading of African people to the colonies of the New World in and around the Atlantic ocean

45
Q

Lord Baltimore

A

1694- He was the founder of Maryland, a colony which offered religious freedom, and a refuge for the persecuted Roman Catholics.

46
Q

Metacomet

A

1639-1676 Wamponoag sachem known to the English as King Philip. He led one of the last Native Americans battles against the colonist in New England in 1676.

47
Q

Roger Williams

A

He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State. He believed that the Puritans were too powerful and was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious beliefs.

48
Q

William Penn

A

A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution.

49
Q

Charter Colony

A

colonies that settlers were given a charter, or a grant of rights and privileges.

50
Q

Consumer Revolution

A

time period during which the desire for exotic imports increased dramatically due to economic expansion and population growth

51
Q

Mercantilism

A

An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought

52
Q

Proprietary Colony

A

a type of settlement dominating the period 1660–90, in which favourites of the British crown were awarded huge tracts of land in the New World to supervise and develop.

53
Q

Slave Codes

A

laws in the southern states that controlled enslaved people

54
Q

Stono Rebellion (1739)

A

South Carolina slave revolt that prompted the colonies to pass stricter laws regulating the movement of slaves and the capture of runaways.

History (2 decks)

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