Eupnea

Question 1

Eupnea

Answer 1

normal breathing

Question 2

Apnea

Answer 2

Temporary cessation of breathing

Question 3

death

Answer 3

permanent cessation of breathing

Question 4

sigh

Answer 4

larger than normal breath — occuring automatically — counteract collapse of alveoli

Question 5

yawn

Answer 5

soketimes accompanied with pandiculation — exaggerated sigh — reflex need of o2, boredom, primitive behaviour to warn others, contagious

Question 6

polypnea

Answer 6

tachypnea — increased rate — reflex

Question 7

hyperpnea

Answer 7

increased rate & depth — matches increased metabolic demand — exercise

Question 8

hyperventilation

Answer 8

increased rate & depth — exceeding metabolic demand — high altitude

Question 9

hypoventilation

Answer 9

decreased rate & depth — compensation to metabolic alkalosis

Question 10

dyspnea

Answer 10

difficulty of breathing — conscious mass of the necessity for increased respirstory effort — pneumonia, pulmonary congestion, left heart failure

Question 11

otrhopnea

Answer 11

dyspnea in recumbent position — propped with pillows

Question 12

cheyne stokes respiration

Answer 12

cycle of gradual increase then decrease of tidal volume then equal periods of apnea — irregular irregularities — bilateral cortical disease, congestic heart failure, sleep at hgih altitude

Question 13

biot’s respiration

Answer 13

1-2 equal volume of breaths separated by unequal voljme of apnea — medullary/pontine lesions

Question 14

gasping

Answer 14

maximal brief respirstory efforts separated by long periods of expiration — anoxia, terminal brainstem lesion

Question 15

apneusis

Answer 15

prolonged inspiration followed by brief expiration — rare — lesion in pneumotaxic center