Eukaryotic Transcription

Question 1

Promoter

Answer 1

DNA sequence at which RNA polymerase may bind, leading to initiation of transcription

Question 2

+1 Region

Answer 2

transcription start site

Question 3

TATA Box

Answer 3

AT rich region of the promoter

Question 4

Enhancer

Answer 4

an upstream region that facilitates gene expression

Question 5

Insulator

Answer 5

an upstream region that stops the enhancer from acting

Question 6

Poly A Signal Sequence

Answer 6

added to the end of an mRNA during post-translational processing to prevent degradation and facilitate transport out of the nucleus

Question 7

RNA Pol I

Answer 7

transcribes genes encoding large rRNA precursors

Question 8

TFIID

Answer 8

DNA binding protein that helps with transcription initiation

Question 9

RNA Pol III

Answer 9

transcribes genes encoding tRNAs, some snRNAs, 5S ribosomal RNA, and other small functional RNAs

Question 10

Mediator

Answer 10

large, multi protein complex in eukaryotic cells that serves as the mediator between the Pol II transcription complex and any upstream transcription activators or enhancers regulating Pol II catalyzed transcription

Question 11

Activator

Answer 11

protein that increases gene transcription, mostly bind to enhancers

Question 12

TFIIH

Answer 12

transcription factor helicase that unwinds at TATA box

Question 13

CTD Tail Phosphorylation at Ser5 and Ser2

Answer 13

during initiation/promoter escape, S5 is phosphorylated
during elongation and termination S2 becomes more and more phosphorylated
S5 recruits capping proteins
S2 recruits splicing proteins

Question 14

Exonuclease-Mediated Termination

Answer 14

exonuclease follows polymerase, and degrades additional uncapped RNA after poly-A tail, and then causes polymerase to fall off