eukaryotic microbes - biotechnology

Question 1

fermentation

Answer 1

the process of breaking down pyruvate in the absence of oxygen. in yeasts, pyruvate is converted via acetylaldehyde into carbon dioxide and ethanol.
fermentation is used to produce wine, beer and cider and in the leavening of bread.

Question 2

fungi biotechnology examples

Answer 2

production of soya sauce by Aseprgillus oryzae
quorn production by fusarium spp.
citric acid by Aspergillus niger.
penicillin by penicillin chrysogenum - production of penicillin as a secondary metabolite. penicillin is used as an antibiotic.
irofulven cancer treatment drug from the fungi Omphalotus illudens
bioremediation of an oils pill by almond mushrooms (Agaricus subrufescens), shiitake (Lentinula edodes), and reishi (Ganoderma lucidum)

Question 3

algae biotechnology examples

Answer 3

Volvox aures - biodiesel
Isochrysis spp - source of omega 3
chlorella vulgaris - waste water bioremediation.

Question 4

protozoan biotechnology examples

Answer 4

amoeba - grazing on bacteria in water supplies as a natural means of water ‘purification’