Eukaryotic cells- structure and function

Question 1

describe the structure of the nucleus?

Answer 1

It is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope, which has many holes in it called nuclear pores

Question 2

describe the structure of ribosomes?

Answer 2

Very small organelle, made of RNA and protein
They are not surrounded by a membrane

Question 3

describe the function of nucleus?

Answer 3

Contains DNA, which holds the genetic information necessary to control the cell
The DNA is in the form of linear chromosomes, made of DNA wound around proteins

Question 4

describe the function of ribosomes?

Answer 4

Carry out protein synthesis

Question 5

describe the structure of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 5

Layers of membranes that form flattened, interconnected tubes through the cytoplasm The outer face is covered in ribosomes

Question 6

describe the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 6

Synthesise proteins and transport them to the Golgi apparatus

Question 7

Describe the structure of a Golgi apparatus?

Answer 7

Stacks of flattened, membrane-bound sacs Vesicles are constantly pinched off the ends of these sacs

Question 8

describe the structure of mitochondria?

Answer 8

Bean-shaped organelles that have a double membrane around them
The inner membrane is folded into cristae, and the matrix in the middle contains enzymes

Question 9

describe the function of mitochondria

Answer 9

Aerobic respiration

Question 10

describe the structure of lysosomes?

Answer 10

Membrane-bound vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes (lysozymes) produced by the Golgi apparatus

Question 11

describe the function of lysososomes?

Answer 11

Digest unwanted materials in the cell, for example, worn-out mitochondria

Question 12

describe the structure of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 12

Similar to rough endoplasmic reticulum but the cavities are more tubular and the membranes do not have ribosomes

Question 13

describe the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 13

Synthesis of lipids

Question 14

Describe the structure of cell surface membrane?

Answer 14

Made of phospholipids and proteins Surrounds the cell

Question 15

describe the function of cell surface membrane?

Answer 15

Controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell

Question 16

describe the structure of nucleolus?

Answer 16

A dark, granular area inside the nucleus that contains DNA and proteins

Question 17

describe the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 17

Synthesis ribosomes

Question 18

describe the structure of chloroplast [ found in plants and algae only] ?

Answer 18

Surrounded by a double membrane
Contain stacks of membranes that contain chlorophyll and other pigments, surrounded by the liquid stroma, which contains enzymes

Question 19

describe the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 19

carry out photosynthesis

Question 20

Describe the structure of vacuole { in plants only}?

Answer 20

A space surrounded by a membrane called the tonoplast and containing cell sap

Question 21

describe the structure of the cell wall {in plants, algae and fungi}?

Answer 21

In plants, the cell wall is made of cellulose fibres and surrounds the cell surface membrane
Algal cell walls are typically made of glycoproteins and polysaccharides, and fungal cell walls are usually made of the carbohydrate chitin

Question 22

describe the function of cell wall?

Answer 22

The cell wall surrounds the cell membrane and stops the cell bursting when it takes in water by osmosis