Eukaryotic Cells and Organelles Flashcards
What is a Golgi apparatus and what is its function?
Group fluid filled mb bound flattered sac (cristae)
Function- process and packages new lipids and proteins
Makes lysomes
What did a Golgi vesicle and what is it’s function?
Produced by Golgi apparatus
Small fluid sac in cytoplasm surround by mb
Function - store l and p by GA
Transport them out cell
How does ribsomes carry coded info help protect from illness?
(Extra info)
Coded info carried mRNA used to manufacture proteins
MRNA vaccines use mRNA to teach cells make protein
Immune response
Antibodies
= protect illness
What is the structure and function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Structure
System of mb enclosing fluid filled space
Surf covered in ribsomes
Function
Folds and process proteins that have been made at ribsomes
Pathway transporting proteins through cell
What is the function of cell vaccole?
Isolate unwanted chemical inside cell
Keep rigid and maintain pressure inside cell = stop wilting
What is the difference between a tissue, organ and a organ system?
A tissue is where similar cells are grouped together
An organ is where different tissues are grouped together to perform a particular function.
An organ system is where different organs work together to
carry out a particular function.
Cell type - Proximal tubule epithelial
Function- To reabsorb useful molecules filtered cells out of the blood by the kidneys.
Suggest how proximal tubing epithelial cells are adapted to their function in terms of organelles they contain.
Eg. They might have microvilli on their surface to increase the surface area for reabsorbing molecules.
What is a plant and algal cell wall made off?
Cellulose - microfibril which is embedded in matrix of pectin and other polysaccharides
Within the cell wall what does the middle lamella do?
Thin layer marks boundary between 2 cells and cements them together :)
Where does protein synthesis take place
In the ribosomes
Where in the cell modifies proteins (eg adds carbs to protein)
Golgi apparatus
Name two structures found in all bacteria that are not found in plant cells
2 marks
Murein/ peptigylgon cell wall
Ribosomes 70S vs 80S
Circular DNA
U. marinum cells ingest bacteria and digest them in the cytoplasm.
Describe the role of one named organelle in digesting these bacteria.
3 marks
Lysomes (1)
Fuse with vesicle (1)
Release Hypocritic enzymes (lysozyme) (1)
Give one feature of chloroplast that allows protein to be synthesised inside chloroplast and describe one difference between feature in chloroplast and similar features to the rest of cell.
2 marks
Mark is pairs 1 and 2 / 3 and 4
1. DNA;
2. Is not associated with protein/histones but nuclear DNA is
OR
Is circular but nuclear DNA is linear
OR
Is shorter than nucleur DNA
- Ribosomes;
- Are smaller than cytoplasmic ribosomes;
Accept: 70S ribosomes in chloroplast, but 80S ribosomes in cytoplasm
Eukaryotic cells produce and release protein
Outline the role of organelles in the production, transport and release of proteins from eukaryotic cells
Don’t include details of transcription and translation in your answer,
4 marks
- DNA in nucleus is code (for protein);
- Ribosomes/rough endoplasmic reticulum produce (protein);
Accept rER for ‘rough endoplasmic reticulum’ - Mitochondria produce ATP (for protein synthesis);
- Golgi apparatus package/modify;
OR
Carbohydrate added/glycoprotein produced by Golgi apparatus;
Accept body for ‘apparatus’ - Vesicles transport
OR
Rough endoplasmic reticulum transports; - Vesicles) fuse with cell(-surface) membrane;
Accept exocytosis at cell membrane
