Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

Eukaryotic cell’s defining characteristic

Answer 1

nucleus / chromosomes that divide by mitosis

Question 2

cytoskeleton

Answer 2

internal protein scaffold that helps cells to maintain their shape and serves as a network of tracks for the movement of substances with in cells (remodeled quickly, allowing cells to change shape / allow it to engulf other cells)

Question 3

gametes

Answer 3

a reproductive haploid cell resulting from meiotic cell division (in some species gametes are called spores). In many species, there are two types of gametes: egg in females, sperm in males

Question 4

haploid

Answer 4

describes a cell with one complete set of chromosomes

Question 5

diploid

Answer 5

describes a cell with two complete sets of chromosomes

Question 6

zygote

Answer 6

the diploid fertilized egg cell formed by the fusion of two haploid gametes

Question 7

symbiont

Answer 7

an organism that lives in closely evolved association with another species

Question 8

symbiosis

Answer 8

a close interaction between species that have evolved over long periods of time

Question 9

endosymbiosis

Answer 9

a symbiosis in which one partner lives within the other

Question 10

protist

Answer 10

an organism having a nucleus but lacking other features specific to a plant, animal, or fungi

Question 11

algae

Answer 11

a photosynthetic protist

Question 12

protozoa

Answer 12

a heterotrophic protist

Question 13

test (of protist)

Answer 13

a “house” constructed of organic molecules that shelters a prtoist

Question 14

superkingdoms

Answer 14

opisthokonts
amoebozoans
archaeplastids
stramenophiles
alveolates
rhizarians
excavates

Question 15

choanoflagellates

Answer 15

one of a group of mostly unicellular protists characterized by a ring of microvilli around the cells ingle flagellum (organelle that propels the movement of cells or substances within cells)

Question 16

amoeboza

Answer 16

superkingdom of eukaryotes with amoeba-like-cells that move and gather food by means of pseudopodia

Question 17

coenocytic

Answer 17

containing many nuclei within one giant cell; the nucleus divides multiple times, but the nuclei are not partioned into individual cells

Question 18

archaeplasida

Answer 18

eukaryotic superkingdom of photosynthetic organisms, including land plants

Question 19

stramenopila

Answer 19

eukaryotic superkingdom including unicellular organisms, giant kelps, algae, protozoa, free-living cells, and parasites; distinguished by a flagellum with two rows of stiff hairs and usually a second smooth flagellum

Question 20

alveolata

Answer 20

eukaryotic superkingdom, defined by presence of cortical alveoli, small vesicles that, in some species, store calcium ions

Question 21

diatoms

Answer 21

most diverse stramenopiles, and most diverse protist