Eukaryotic cells Flashcards
Draw, label, describe and give the function of the cell surface membrane.
A Phospholipid bilayer, in a fluid mosaic model. Controls what enters and leaves the cell. It is a single membrane.
Draw, label, describe and give the function of the nucleus.
The nucleus has a double membrane to control what enters and leaves. It has pores in the membrane to allow larger molecules such as mRNA to pass out. The nucleus contains genetic information in the form of chromosomes. It produces mRNA, tRNA and ribosomes, along with DNA during replication.
Describe chromosomes found in the nucleus.
Protein-bound linear DNA.
Draw, label, describe and give the function of mitochondria.
he site of aerobic respiration. The mitochondria has a double membrane. The inner membrane (cristae) is folded, to increase the surface area for reactions in aerobic respiration. The matrix contains enzymes for aerobic respiration, ribosomes and small circular DNA to allow the mitochondria to produce proteins.
Draw, label, describe and give the function of a chloroplast in plants and algae.
he site of photosynthesis. The chloroplast has a double membrane. They contain membrane bound discs called thylakoids, which are stacked into grana. This increases the surface area for reactions involved in photosynthesis. The stroma contains enzymes for photosynthesis, ribosomes and small circular DNA to allow chloroplasts to produce proteins. Starch grains can store products of photosynthesis.
Draw, label, describe and give the function of Golgi apparatus and Golgi vesicles.
A series of flattened sacs called cisternae. It modifies proteins and lipids, attaching carbohydrates to them to make glycoproteins/glycolipids. Proteins and other molecules can be packaged in to vesicles to transport substances around the cell. Lysosomes are made by the Golgi. They have a single membrane.
Draw, label, describe and give the function of lysosomes.
Larger vesicles produced by the Golgi apparatus which contain enzymes called lysozyme. They are used to hydrolyse materials ingested by white blood cells, or digest worn out organelles and cells. They have a single membrane.
Describe how lysosomes are different from vesicles.
Lysosomes are different from vesicles because they have lysozymes (enzymes) in them, whereas vesicles contain other molecules. They are both made by the Golgi apparatus.
Draw, label, describe and give the function of ribosomes.
Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis. They are made of protein and rRNA. They have 2 subunits that lock together. They can be found on membranes or free floating in the cytoplasm. In eukaryotes they are 80s.
Draw, label, describe and give the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
A system of ribosome covered, sheet like membranes. It provides a large surface area for protein synthesis and carries out modification of the proteins and provides a pathway for the transports of proteins and other molecules throughout the cell.
Draw, label, describe and give the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
A system of smooth, sheet like membranes. It provides a large surface area for the synthesis and transport of lipids (and some carbohydrates throughout the cell.
Draw, label, describe and give the function of a cell wall.
The cell wall provides mechanical strength to stop cells bursting. It is made of microfibrils of cellulose (plants) arranged as a lattice, and has a thin layer of pectin between cells called the middle lamellae.
Give the molecules cell walls are made from in plants, algae and fungi.
Plant and algae cell walls are made of cellulose, fungi cell wells are made of chitin
Draw, label, describe and give the function of the vacuole (in plants).
A large, fluid filled sac surrounded by a single membrane called the tonoplast. It is a temporary store of sugars and amino acids, and helps to support plants by making cells turgid.
