Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Enclosed by an envelope membrane (two membranes) with pores. Contains genetic information (chromosomes) and a nucleolus. The chromosomes, made of DNA, control the synthesis of proteins.

Question 2

Nucleolus

Answer 2

Dense body in the nucleus, where ribosomes are made.

Question 3

Ribosomes

Answer 3

Made of RNA and protein, found free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. They are the site of translation. (80s)

Question 4

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 4

A system of interconnected, membrane-bound, flattened sacs. Ribosomes are attached to the outer surface. Proteins made on these ribosomes are transported through the ER to other parts of the cell.

Question 5

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 5

An endomembrane system where lipids are synthesized, calcium levels are regulated, and toxic substances are broken down.

Question 6

Golgi apparatus

Answer 6

Stacks of flattened, membrane-bound sacs formed by fusion of vesicles from the ER. Modifies proteins and packages them in vesicles for transport.

Question 7

Lysosome

Answer 7

Spherical sacs containing digestive enzymes and bound by a single membrane. Involved in the breakdown of unwanted structures in the cell and in destruction of whole cells when old cells are to be replaced.

Question 8

Centrioles

Answer 8

Every animal cell has one pair. Hollow cylinders made up of nine protein microtubules (polymers of globular proteins arranged in a helix to form a hollow tube). Involved in the formation of the spindle during nuclear division and in transport with the cell cytoplasm.

Question 9

Mitochondria

Answer 9

Double membrane bound (inner is folded to form Cristae). Site of some parts of aerobic respiration.

Question 10

Cell surface membrane

Answer 10

partially permeable barrier formed by the phospholipid bilayer, containing proteins, glycolipids etched(controls substances entering and leaving the cell).

Question 11

Chloroplast

Answer 11

Double membrane, thylakoids containing chlorophyll form grana, grana are joined by lamellae.
Siteof photosynthesis, light dependent stage in thylakoids, light independent stage in stoma

Question 12

Plasmodesmata function

Answer 12

They allow the transport of molecules between cells, through their cell walls.

Question 13

Nucleus membrane?

Answer 13

Double (nuclear envelope with pores)

Question 14

Nucleolus membrane?

Answer 14

No membrane

Question 15

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane?

Answer 15

Single membrane

Question 16

Mitochondria membrane?

Answer 16

Double membrane (inner folded into cristae)

Question 17

Centrioles membrane?

Answer 17

No membrane

Question 18

Lysosomes membrane?

Answer 18

Single membrane

Question 19

Ribosomes membrane?

Answer 19

No membrane