Eukaryotic cells Flashcards
What is the description and function of the cell-surface membrane?
It is made up of proteins and lipids. It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell and has receptor molecules that allow it to respond to chemicals like hormones.
What is the description and function of the nucleus?
An organelle surround by a nuclear envelope, with a double membrane and contains many pores. It also contains a nucleolus. It controls the activities of the cell, also contains DNA which contains the instructions to make proteins. The nuclear pores allow movement in and out of the nucleus and the nucleolus makes ribosomes.
What is the description and function of the mitochondria?
Have a double membrane, the inner one is folded to form structures called cristae. Inside is the matrix containing enzymes involved in respiration. The site of aerobic respiration where ATP is produced.
What is the description and function of the chloroplast?
An organelle surrounded by a double membrane, also contains membranes called thylakoids. These membranes are stacked up to form grana and each grana are joined by lamellae. They are site where photosynthesis takes place.
What is the description and function of the Golgi apparatus?
A group of membrane bound flattened sacs and vesicles around the edges. It processes and packages new lipids and proteins. It also makes lysosomes.
What is the description and function of the Golgi vesicles?
Small fluid filled sacs surrounded by a membrane. They store lipids and proteins made by the Golgi and transports them out of the cell.
What is the description and function of the lysosome?
A round membrane bound organelle, it contains the enzyme lysozyme and is used to digest invading cells or break down worn out components in the cell.
What is the description and function of the ribosome?
They float free in the cytoplasm or are attached to the RER, it is made up of proteins and rRNA and does not have a membrane. It is where proteins are made.
What is the description and function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Membranes enclosing a fluid filled space, with a surface covered in ribosomes. The RER folds and processes proteins made by the ribosomes.
What is the description and function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Similar to the RER but without the ribosomes. The SER synthesises and processes lipids.
What is the description and function of the cell wall?
A ridged structure that surrounds the cell, in plants it is made of cellulose and in fungi it is made of chitin. It supports the cell and prevents it from changing shape.
What is the description and function of the vacuole?
A membrane bound organelle (tonoplast), which contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts. It helps maintain the pressure inside the cell and keep the cell ridged.
