Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOLOGY 2 - Cells > Eukaryotic Cells > Flashcards

Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Do eukaryotic cells have a nucleus?

A

Yes and they possess membrane bound organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the ultrastructures of an animal cell?

A
  • cell surface membrane
  • cytoplasm
  • mitochondria
  • smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  • rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • ribosomes
  • Golgi apparatus
  • nucleoplasm
  • nuclear pore
  • nuclear envelope
  • centriole
  • nucleolus
  • lysosome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the ultrastructures in a plant cell?

A
  • starch granule
  • chloroplast
  • cellulose cell wall
  • cell surface membrane
  • mitochondrion
  • cytoplasm
  • permanent vacuole
  • smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  • rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • nuclear pore
  • nuclear envelope
  • nucleoplasm
  • nucleolus
  • Golgi apparatus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What organelles do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?

A

Starch granule
Chloroplast
Permanent vacuole
Cellulose cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the different components of the nucleus?

A
  1. Nucleolus
  2. Chromatin
  3. Nucleoplasm
  4. Nuclear pore
  5. Nuclear envelope
  6. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What size is the nucleus?

A

10-20 micrometers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the structure and function of the nuclear envelope?

A

Structure - double membrane with fluid in between that contains nuclear pores
Function- controls the entry and exit of materials in and out of the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the structure and function of the nuclear pores?

A

Structure- gaps within the nuclear membrane
Function - allow the passage of large molecules such as mRNA

approx 3000 pores in each nucleus, each 40-100nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the structure and function of the nucleoplasm?

A

Structure- jelly like material
Function- makes up the bulk of the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the structure and function of the nucleolus?

A

Structure- small dense spherical region
Function- makes rRNA and ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the structure and function of the chromatin?

A

Structure- linear DNA + histone proteins
Function- instructions for building proteins are encoded in the sequence of bases in each chromosome (can be copied into molecules of mRNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Series of flattened membrane bound sacs - cisternae
These are continuous with outer membrane of nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the structure and function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Structure - cisternae with ribosomes (80s)
Function- provide a large surface area for the synthesis of proteins and glycoproteins. Also provide a pathway for the transport of proteins to other parts of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the structure and function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Structure - tubular cisternae, NO ribosomes, appears smooth
Function- synthesise, store and transport lipids. Also stores ions in the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the components in mitochondria?

A

Matrix
Outer membrane
Inner membrane (cristae)
Ribosomes (70s)

(1-10 micrometers)
Spherical or sausage shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the structure and function of outer membrane?

A

Structure- double membrane
Function- controls the entry or exit of material

17
Q

What is the structure and function of the inner membrane?

A

Structure - highly folded into cristae
Function - provides large surface area for the attachment of enzymes involved in aerobic respiration

18
Q

What is the structure and function of the matrix?

A

Structure - contains enzymes, proteins, lipids, 70S ribosomes and mitochondrial DNA
Function - aerobic respiration. Allow the mitochondria to control the production of some of there own proteins

19
Q

What cells contain a lot of mitochondria and why?

A

Metabolically active cells that require lots of ATP
E.g muscle and epithelial cells

20
Q

What is the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus?

A

Structure - stack of membrane bound flattered sacs (cisternae)
Function -
1) receives proteins and lipids from rough and smooth ER and carry out modification of them.
2) ‘labels’ them so that they can be accurately sorted and sent got the correct destination.

21
Q

What is the structure and function of the Golgi vesicles?

A

Structure - small rounded hollow structures
Function - modified proteins and lipids are transported in vesicles which is pinched off from the ends of the Golgi. Then move and fuse with the cell surface membrane and release the contents

22
Q

What cells are Golgi apparatus well developed in?

A

Secretory cells

Eg epithelial cells that line the intestines

23
Q

What are the components in chloroplasts?

A

Stroma
Lamella
Thylakoid disc
Chloroplast envelope
Circular DNA
Ribosomes (70S)

24
Q

What is the structure and function of the chloroplast envelope?

A

Structure - double plasma membrane
Function - controls what enters or leaves

25
Q

What is the structure and function of thylakoids?

A

Structure - membranous sacs (a stack = granum) ( chlorophyll molecules found on thylakoid membrane)
Function - provides large surface area

26
Q

What is the structure and function of lamella?

A

Structure - contains chlorophyll molecules
Function - first stage of photosynthesis takes place (light dependant stage)

27
Q

What is the structure and function of the stroma?

A

Structure - fluid filled matrix. Contains enzymes, starch granules, lipid droplets for photosynthesis
Function - second stage of photosynthesis takes place (light independent stage)

28
Q

What is the structure and function of lysosomes?

A

Structure- spherical membrane bound sacs (single membrane)
Function- contain powerful digestive enzymes/lysozymes to hydrolyse materials. Break down worn out components of the cell or waste materials

29
Q

What is the structure and function of vesicles?

A

Structure- membrane bound sacs
Function- transport different substances around cells. Fuse with cell surface membranes so that substances can be released from the cell by exocytosis

Movement of vesicles requires ATP

30
Q

What is the structure and function of ribosomes?

A

Structure- no membrane, have 2 subunits - one large and one small
Function- contain rRNA and protein. Sites of protein synthesis. mRNA is decoded by ribosomes to assemble a sequence of amino acids to synthesis a polypeptide

31
Q

What is the structure and function of permanent vacuole?

A

Structure- fluid filled sac surrounded by a single membrane called a tonoplast. Contains water, sugars, mineral salts, amino acids, waste and pigments
Function- maintains cell turgidity by pushing cytoplasm against the cell wall

32
Q

What is the structure and function of cell walls in plants?

A

Structure- made of cellulose
Function-provide strong wall for support and strength in the plant and to prevent cells bursting

33
Q

What is the structure and function of the cytoskeleton?

A

Structure- network of protein fibres
Function-provide support and give shape to the cell. It holds organelles in place or allows them to move through the cytoplasm. Responsible for the movement of chromosomes during cell division

34
Q

What is the order of division of labour?

A

BIOLOGY 2 - Cells (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions