eukaryotic cells

Question 1

nucleus

Answer 1

nuclear envelope (double membrane) nuclear pores
nucleolus - assembles ribosomes

Question 2

vesicles

Answer 2

fluid filled sacs
transports substances around the cell

Question 3

plasma membrane

Question 4

cytoskeleton

Answer 4

structure
microfilaments- made of actin help cell move and contract
microtubules- made up of globular tubulin, determine cell shape
intermediate fibres- give cell strength

function
supports cell
holds organelles in place
allows cell to change shape during endo and exocytosis
facilitates movement of organelles
makes up centrioles

Question 5

centrioles

Answer 5

structure
microtubules

function
assemble and organise spindle fibres during cell division

Question 6

flagellum

Answer 6

structure
tail like extension
9+2 arrangement

function
detect changes in cells environment
help cell move

Question 7

cilia

Answer 7

structure
hair like extension

function
move particles that surround cell

Question 8

ribosomes

Answer 8

function
involved in protein synthesis

structure
rna
proteins

Question 9

RER

Answer 9

function
involved in protein synthesis
produces proteins and glycoproteins
packed into vesicles

structure
folded membranes
ribosomes

Question 10

SER

Answer 10

structure
folded membranes

function
secretes lipids and carbohydrates
packaged into vesicles

Question 11

golgi apparatus

Answer 11

structure
folded membrane

function
vesicles from ERs arrive and it modifies these molecules so they go to the right place
puts them in vesicles to go
forms lysosomes

Question 12

mitochondrion

Answer 12

structure
outer membrane
inner membrane that forms cristae
matrix
ribosomes
mitochondrial dna

function
produces atp for a range of activities

Question 13

cell wall and vacuole

Answer 13

structure
rigid
permanent

function
turgidity
vacuole- energy source

Question 14

how organelles work together steps

Answer 14

1. dna is turned into mrna and leaves nucleus through nuclear pores
2. at the ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum mrna is used as a code to build a protein
3. these molecules move along the rough endoplasmic reticulum via cisternae
4. these molecules are picked up by visitors and the cytoskeleton move it to the GA
5. after fusion with golgi apparatus the molecule is modified making it more complex
6. the molecules are picked up again by vesicles
7. the vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane releasing the products outside the cell. this is called exocytosis.

Question 15

lysosomes

Answer 15

small bags formed from the golgi apparatus. each is surrounded by a single membrane.
they contain powerful hydrolytic enzymes
they are abundant in phagocytosis cells

keep powerful enzymes separate from rest of the cell
can engulf old cell organelles and foreign matter digest them and return the digested components to the cell for reuse.