Eukaryotic cells

Question 1

Algae

Answer 1

• carry out photosynthesis

- can be unicellular or multicellular

Question 2

Fungal cell

Answer 2

• can be multicellular or unicellular
• cell walls are made of chitin
• don’t have chloroplasts

Question 3

Cell-surface Membrane

Answer 3

• membrane found on surface of animal cells
• found inside cell wall of other cells
• mainly made of lipids and proteins
• regulates movement of substances into and out of the cell
• has receptor molecules which allow to respond to chemicals like hormones

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

• surrounded by nuclear envelope
• contains many pores
• contains chromosomes and one or more structures called nucleolus
• controls cell’s activities by controlling the transcription of DNA
• DNA contains instructions to make proteins
• pores allow substances to move between nucleus and the cytoplasm

Question 5

Mitochondrion

Answer 5

• oval-shaped
• double membrane inner folded to form cristae
• inside is matrix which contains enzymes involved in respiration
• site of aerobic respiration so produces ATP
• found in larger numbers in cells that are very active and require a lot of energy

Question 6

Chloroplasts

Answer 6

• small, flattened
• double membrane has membranes inside called thylakoid membranes
• membranes stacked up in some parts of chloroplasts to form grana
• linked together by lamellae which are thin flat pieces of thylakoid membrane
• photosynthesis takes [lace
• some happen in grana and other parts in stoma which is thick fluid

Question 7

Golgi apparatus

Answer 7

• a group of fluid-filled membrane bound flattened sacs
• vesicles seen at edges of sacs
• processes and packages new lipids and proteins which also makes lysosomes

Question 8

Golgi vesicles

Answer 8

• small fluid-filled sacs in cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane and produced by golgi apparatus
• stores lipids and proteins made by golgi apparatus and transports them out of the cell

Question 9

lysosome

Answer 9

• round organelle surrounded by a membrane with no clear internal structure
• type of golgi vesicle
• contains digestive enzymes called lysozymes
• kept separate from cytoplasm by surrounding membrane
• digests invading cells or to break down out components of the cell

Question 10

Ribosome

Answer 10

• small organelle that floats free in cytoplasm or attached to the rough ER
• made up of proteins and RNA
• not surrounded by a membrane
• site where proteins are made

Question 11

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 11

• a system of membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space which the surface is covered by ribosomes
• folds and processes proteins that have been made at ribosomes

Question 12

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 12

• no ribosomes

- synthesizes and processes lipids

Question 13

cell wall

Answer 13

• rigid structure
• made mainly of carbohydrate cellulose
• in fungi = chitin
• supports cells and prevents them from changing shape

Question 14

cell vacuole

Answer 14

• membrane bound organelle found in cytoplasm
• cell sap
• weak solution of sugar and salts
• surrounding membrane = tonoplast
• helps to maintain pressure inside the cell and keep the cell rigid
• stops plants wilting
• involved in the isolation of unwanted chemicals inside the cell