Eukaryotic cell structure & function 2.1.4 / 2.1.5 Flashcards
What is the structure of the nucleus?
-Surrounded by a nuclear envelope, which contains pores.
-Contains chromatin (genetic material)
-Also has a nucleolus
What is the function of the nucleus?
Contains the genetic material of the cell, chromatin
Nucleolus makes RNA and ribosomes
State the function of chromatin
It is the genetic material of the nucleus. When cells divide, chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
What is the structure of the Golgi apparatus?
A stack of membrane-bound flattened sacs.
Vesicles are found at either side
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Proteins are modified and packaged into vesicles.
What are proteins used for after being modified and packaged in Golgi apparatus?
- Cell storage
- Out of cell use
- Plasma membrane
What is the structure of mitochondria?
Surrounded by two membranes, the inner is folded into cristae.
What is the function of mitochondria?
Site of ATP energy production, also self replicating to meet energy needs.
What is the structure of chloroplasts?
- Double membrane
- Thylakoids (sacs containing chlorophyll)
- Grana (stacks of sacs)
- Stroma (fluid filled matrix)
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Photosynthesis takes place here, also makes carbohydrates in stroma.
What is the structure of ribosomes?
Made up of RNA, some remain in cytoplasm, some attach to RER.
What is the structure of ribosomes?
RER ribosomes synthesise proteins for out of cell use.
Others synthesise proteins for within the cell.
What is the structure of lysosomes?
Spherical sacs surrounded by a single membrane
What is the function of lysosomes?
Contain hydrolyctic enzymes to break down pathogens or old organelles
What is the structure of the RER?
Transport system which is coated with ribosomes
What is the function of the RER?
Transport substances from one area of the cell to another, through cisternae channels.
What is the structure of the SER?
System that is not coated with ribosomes
What is the function of the SER?
Contains enzymes that catalyze reactions needed for metabolic activity and synthesis.
- Also absorption, synthesis and transport of lipids from gut
What is the structure of a vacuole?
Surrounded by a membrane, contains fluid.
What is the function of a vacuole?
Filled with water and solutes, to maintain cell stability.
What is the structure of the cilia, cilium, and undulipodia?
Protusions from the cell, surrounded by the cell surface membrane.
Each contain microtubules and centrioles.
What is the function of cilia, cilium, and undulipodia?
- Cilia beat and band mucus through the airway
- Cilium detect signals from an environment
- Undulipodia are present in the spermatozoon - enabling movement.
What is the structure of centrioles?
Hollow fibres made of microtubules
What is the function of centrioles?
Acts as the cells skeletal system.
What is the structure of the cytoskeleton?
Made of microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments, and cytoskeleton motor proteins.
To allow cell stability
What is the function of microtubules?
Provide shape and support, form spindles that allow chromosomes to move.
What is the function of intermediate filaments?
Anchor the nucleus within the cytoplasm and allow connections between cells.
What is the function of microfilaments?
Give support and mechanical support within the cytoplasm
What is the function of motor proteins?
Drag organelles from one place to another in the cell.
