Eukaryotic cell structure Flashcards
What is a Eukaryote?
A Eukaryote is any organism consisting of one or more cells that contain DNA in a membrane bound nucleus- separate from the cytoplasm.
What are the 4 types of Eukaryote?
Animals, plants, fungi, protists.
How can we look at organelles within a cell?
We need to use an electron microscope.
What is the purpose of a lysosome?
Lysosomes hold enzymes that were created by the cell. The purpose of the lysosome is to digest things. They might be used to break down the cell when it dies.
What is the purpose of ribosomes?
Ribosomes are the protein synthesizers of the cell.
What is the purpose of the cell wall?
To provide mechanical strength in order to prevent the cell bursting under the pressure created by osmotic entry of water. And to allow water to pass along it to contribute to the movement of the water through the plant.
What is the function of a vacuole?
They support plants by making the cells turgid. A drooping plant has lost much of its water and the vacuoles are shrinking.
What is the function of the nucleus?
It’s the control centre through the production of mRNA and tRNA. They retain the genetic material of the cell in the form of DNA.
What is the function of the mitochondrion?
Mitochondria are tiny structures found in cells (one is called a mitochondrion). Respiration, the chemical reaction that releases energy from glucose, happens in mitochondria. This provides energy for life process such as movement and growth.
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Chloroplasts are the tiny structures in plant cells where photosynthesis happens. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, a green pigment that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
What is the difference between RER and SER?
Rough ER (RER) is involved in some protein production, protein folding, quality control and despatch. It is called ‘rough’ because it is studded with ribosomes
Smooth E R (SER) is associated with the production and metabolism of fats and steroid hormones. It is ‘smooth’ because it is not studded with ribosomes and is associated with smooth slippery fats.
What do RER and SER stand for?
Rough/soft endoplasmic reticulum
How do you identify the Golgi apparatus?
They’re flattened disc-like structures located close to the endoplasmic reticulum.
What is the funcion of the Golgi apparatus?
The Golgi apparatus receives proteins and lipids (fats) from the rough endoplasmic reticulum. It modifies some of them and sorts, concentrates and packs them into sealed droplets called vesicles. Depending on the contents these are despatched to one of three destinations:
Destination 1: within the cell, to organelles called lysosomes.
Destination 2: the plasma membrane of the cell
Destination 3: outside of the cell.
What’s an ultrastructure?
When a cell has an internal structure that is suited for its function.
What is the nucleus made up of?
The nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, nucleoplasm, chromosomes, nucleolus.
What’s the nuclear envelope?
A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus. The outer membrane is continuous with the ER of the cell and often has ribosomes on its surface. It controls the entry and exit of materials in and out of the nucleus and contains the reactions taking place in it.