Eukaryotic Cell Structure Flashcards
What Are The Two Different Types Of Cell?
prokaryotic and eukaryotic
What does the nucleus contain?
coded genetic information in the form of DNA molecules.
What does DNA do?
directs the synthesis of all proteins required by the cell. Therefore, it controls the metabolic activities of the cell.
What is the largest organelle in a cell?
the nucleus
Why is there a nuclear envelope?
to protect the nucleus from damage in the cytoplasm
why does the nuclear envelope contain nuclear pores?
allows molecules to move in and out of the nucelus.
why is DNA transcribed into smaller RNA molecules?
DNA is too large to leave the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis in the cell cytoplasm.
what is the nucelolus?
an area within a nucleus responsible for producing ribosomes.
what is the nucleolus made from?
proteins and rna
What does the mitochondria do?
site of final stages of cellular respiration.
How many membranes do mitochondria have?
2
What is the mitochondria inner membrane like?
it is highly folded to form structures called cristae. The fluid interior is called the matrix.
Do mitochondria have their own DNA?
yes
what are vesicles
membranous sacs that have storage and transport roles.
what are vesicles used for?
the transport of material inside a cell.
what are lysosomes?
specialised form of vesicles that contai hydrolytic enzymes (lysozyme.)
What is the role of lysosomes?
breaking down waste material in cells, such as pathogens ingested in phagocytic cells.
- role in apoptosis.
What is the role of cytoskeleton?
controls cell movement and the movements of organelles within cells.
what are the three components of the cytoskeleton?
- microfilaments
- microtubules
- intermediate fibres
how are microfilaments formed?
formed from protein actin
what are the roles of microtubules?
- determines the shape of a cell.
- act as tracks for the movement of organelles around the cell.
what is the role of intermediate fibres?
mechanical strength to cells and maintain integrity.
