Eukaryotic Cell Organelles & Functions

Question 1

Name the animal cell organelles.

Answer 1

There is the cell membrane, cytoplasm, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, golgi body, mitochondria, nucleus and lysosome.

Question 2

Name the parts of a nucleus.

Answer 2

There is the nucleolus, nucleoplasm and nuclear envelope (and pores)

Question 3

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 3

It synthesises ribosomes and ribosomal RNA.

Question 4

Name the parts of a mitochondrion.

Answer 4

There is the cristae, the matrix and the inner and outer membranes.

Question 5

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 5

It controls the cell’s activities by controlling transcription of DNA

Question 6

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 6

They aerobically respire to produce active transport proteins (ATP) which is used to provide energy for cell reactions.

Question 7

What is the function of the ribosomes?

Answer 7

They synthesise proteins.

Question 8

Where are the ribosomes found?

Answer 8

They are found either in the cytoplasm of the cell or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 9

Name the parts of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 9

There are ribosomes, cisterna and a double membrane of lamellae.

Question 10

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 10

They fold and process the proteins synthesised by the ribosomes, which are then transported to the Golgi body.

Question 11

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 11

They synthesise and process lipids.

Question 12

What is the function of the Golgi body?

Answer 12

After vesicles have transported proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi further processes them and then are moved around the cell in more vesicles. It also makes lysosome.

Question 13

What is the Golgi apparatus made of?

Answer 13

It is a series of flattened layers of plate-like membranes.

Question 14

How do vessel proteins travel from the Golgi apparatus to the cell surface?

Answer 14

Protein secretory products are transported to the end of the Golgi cavity and pinched off into a vesicle so the membrane stays in tact. After moving through the cytoplasm, the vesicle fuses with the cell surface membrane to release the secretory products in a process called exocytosis.

Question 15

What is the function of a lysosome?

Answer 15

It contains digestive enzymes like lysozyme to break down invading cells.

Question 16

What is the difference between SER and RER?

Answer 16

RER has ribosomes attached to it but SER doesn’t.

Question 17

What is the function of a centriole?

Answer 17

They contain spindle fibres to help in the separation of chromosomes in cell division.

Question 18

Name all the plant cell organelles.

Answer 18

There is cytoplasm, cell wall, cell membrane, chloroplasts, nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, permanent vacuole, vacuole membrane, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 19

What is the main component of cell walls in plants?

Answer 19

Cellulose makes up the cell walls in plants.

Question 20

Name the parts of a chloroplast.

Answer 20

There is the inner and outer membranes, thylakoid, granum, intergranal lamella and stroma.

Question 21

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 21

They contain chlorophyll to provide food for the plant by photosynthesis, which traps solar energy from the sun to do so.

Question 22

What is the function of a permanent vacuole?

Answer 22

They are sacs that store water and other dissolved substances in the cell. This maintains pressure, keeping the cell turgid so the plant doesn’t wilt