Eukaryotic Cell

Question 1

Difference between eukaryotic cell and prokaryotic cell?

Answer 1

Eukaryote:
Cells with a distinct nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Animal cells, plant cells, fungi

Prokaryote:
Single celled micro-organism with no nucleus and no membrane bound organelles
Bacteria, archaea

Question 2

Cytosol vs cytoplasm

Answer 2

cytosol = no organelles. main site of protein synthesis and degradation.
cytoplasm = cytosol + organelles. no nucleus.

Question 3

Function of RER

Answer 3

Membrane synthesis and SECRETORY protein synthesis

Question 4

SER

Answer 4

Lipid synthesis

Question 5

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 5

sorting + modification of proteins

Question 6

Mitochondria

Answer 6

Site of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP production, contain their own DNA.

Question 7

perOXIsome

Answer 7

Uses molecular oxygen to oxidize organic molecules. Breakdown LCFA. can self replicate but no DNA of itself.

Question 8

ENDOsome

Answer 8

processes internalized proteins. things from outside can be brought into the cell and decided what to do with.

Question 9

Lysosome

Answer 9

Degradation of macromolecules

Question 10

free ribosomes

Answer 10

for intercellular proteins

Question 11

The Plasma membrane functions = ICES

Answer 11

1. Cell isolation -
2. Regulation of exchange
3. Communication
4. Structural support

Question 12

Phospholipid is………………..

Answer 12

amphiphillic.

Question 13

types of PSPL’s

Answer 13

Main: Phosphoglycerides (examples below), Sphingomyelin.

• Phosphatidylethanolamine
• Phosphatidylserine
• Phosphatidylcholine.

Question 14

cholesterol

Answer 14

• present in eukaryotes
• stiffens membrane
• reduces permeability

structure of cholesterol:
polar head
rigid steroid ring
hydrophobic tail (at the bottom, which sits in the hydrophobic region of PSPL)

Question 15

PM Permeability without proteins

Answer 15

Most to least permeable to:

Hydrophobic, - small uncharged polar - large polar - ions.

Question 16

PM proteins account for __% mass of membrane

Answer 16

50%.

25% in nerve cell axon
75% in mitochondria

Question 17

Types of PM proteins:

Answer 17

RATE = Receptors, adhesion/anchors, transporters, enzymes

Question 18

Most of PM is glycosylated

Answer 18

glycosylated means: forms a glycocalyx - as carb attached to a FG

Question 19

stiff membrane vs flexible membrane

Answer 19

stiff membrane = cholesterol + saturated tail

flexible membrane = doublebond/kink in FA tail

Question 20

Membrane proteins can be integral or peripheral

Answer 20

integral = permanent. peripheral = temporary.

Question 21

1. transmembrane glycoprotein =

2. Transmembrane proteoglycan

Answer 21

1. oligosaccharide chain.

2. long saccharide chain