Eukaryotic cell Flashcards
Cytosol
allows for the diffusion of molecules through out the cell
Nucleus
genetic material is encoded in DNA and organized in chromosomes
Mitosis
formation of two identical daughter cells
Histones
organizing proteins that wounds up the linear DNA
Nucleolus
where the ribosomal RNA is synthesized
Mitochondria
the power house of the cell, meaning the metabolic functions for energy and forms from binary fission. Also can do apoptosis.
Outer membrane of the mitochondria
barrier from the cytosol
Inner membrane of the mitochondria
is arranged in cristae, that has all the proteins and enzyme for the electron transport chain
Proton-motive force
located in the mitochondria matrix where the ATP synthase generates ATP
Lysosomes
contains hydrolytic enzymes that are capable of breaking down different substrates like those form endocytosis. If this organelles releases this enzymes, causes apoptosis
ER
endoplasmic reticulum, is from with invaginations creating complex structures and a central lumen.
Rough ER
has ribosomes that translates proteins into the lumen
Smooth ER
does lipid synthesis and detoxification and also transport the results from the rough to the golgi
Golgi apparatus
modify and packages proteins for each function. If is destine for secretion, this happens via exocytosis
Peroxisomes
breakdowns long fatty acids via beta oxidation, it participates in phospholipid synthesis and it contain important enzymes
