Eukaryotic Cell

Question 1

What is the structural and functional unit of life

Answer 1

Cell

Question 2

Two types of cells

Answer 2

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells

Question 3

Define Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells

Answer 3

Eukaryotic - any cells that contains a clearly defined nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Prokaryotic - any unicellular organism that does not contain membrane bound nucleus or organelles

Question 4

Examples of Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells

Answer 4

Eukaryotic - animal, plant, fungi and protist cells

Prokaryotic - bacteria and archaea

Question 5

Function and structure of cell/plasma membrane

Answer 5

Structure - Lipid bilayer
Function - Forms the boundary for the cytoplasm and other organelles inside the cell and controls the diffusion of substance

Question 6

Function and structure of nucleus

Answer 6

Function - control centre of the cell
Structure - contains chromosomes and it is enclosed by a porous double membrane called the nuclear membrane/envelope

Question 7

Structure and function of the nuclear envelope/membrane

Answer 7

Double-layered membrane that surrounds nuclear material
Acts as a barrier that keeps nuclear contents seperate from the rest of the cell, ensuring that the DNA is protected from the chemical reactions and enzymatic digestion occuring elsewhere in the cell

Question 8

What are nuclear pores

Answer 8

points where the inner and outer nuclear membrane fuse to form holes in the nuclear membrane
assist in compartmentalising the cell and protecting its DNA

Question 9

What is nuclear pore complex (NPC)

Answer 9

made up of a series of proteins surrounding the pore

Question 10

Nuclear pore permits passage of substances between the _____ and _____, via _____, using proteins of the ___

Answer 10

nucleus, cytoplasm, recpetor-mediated transport, NPC

Question 11

How does the NPC operate

Answer 11

NPC operates as a ticketed gate, where proteins with a specific amino acid sequence, known as a nuclear localisation signal (NLS), have the ticket needed to enter the nucleus

Question 12

Pores allow _____ and _____ to enter the cytoplasm for translation

Answer 12

mRNA, ribosomal proteins

Question 13

What does the nuclear export sequence (NES) do

Answer 13

allows proteins to exit the nucleus into the cytoplasm

Question 14

Is nucleolus surrounded by a membrane or not?

Answer 14

Nucleolus is not surrounded by a membrane

Question 15

Can a cell contain more than one nucleolus?

Answer 15

yes

Question 16

Nucleoli can be seen in _____ cells that are __________

Answer 16

interphase, actively synthesising proteins

Question 17

What does nucleolus do and why?

Answer 17

nucleolus produces ribosomal RNA (rRNA) which is essential for protein synthesis
it also isolates certain proteins when the cell is under stress