Eukaryotic Cell Flashcards
Name the components of the nucleus
1) nucleolus
2) nuclear envelope
3) nucleoplasm
4) nuclear pores
5) chromatin
Describe the nucleus
A large organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope whi contains many pores. It contains chromosomes
Outline the functions of the nucleus
- Controls the cells activities by controlling the transcription
- the pores allow to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm
- the nucleolus makes ribosomes
Describe the structure of mitochondria
They are a double membrane. He inner membrane is folded to form structures called cristae. Inside is the matrix
Function of cristae
Large SA for the attachment of enzymes an contains proteins involved in respiration
Function of mitochondria
- site of aerobic respiration
- produces ATP
- ATP needed for cells that are very active and require a lot of energy
Structure of Golgi apparatus
A group of fluid fille, membrane bound, flattered sacs. Vesicles are often seen at the edges of the sacs
Function of Golgi apparatus
Process and packages lipids an proteins. It also makes lysosomes
Function of Golgi vesicles
Created by Golgi apparatus. Store lipids and proteins made by apparatus and transport then out he cell via the cell surface membrane
How does the Golgi apparatus modify and store lipids
- process triglycerides
- combine triglycerides with proteins
- packaged for release and forms vesicles
Structure of lysosomes
A round organelle surrounded by a membrane and its a type of Golgi vesicle
Function of lysosomes
Contain the digestive enzyme called lysozyme. Which can be used to digest invading cells, completely break down cells after they have died, digest worn down organelles so that useful chemical can be reused
Structure of ribosomes
Small organelle that either float in the cytoplasm or is attached t the rough ER. It’s mad up o proteins and RNA and is not surrounded by a membrane
Function of ribosomes
Protein synthesis
Structure of rough ER
A system of membranes. The surface is covered with ribosomes
Function rough ER
- Large SA for protein synthesis
- fold and process proteins that have been made in the ribosomes
Structure smooth ER
Surface is completely smooth
Function of smooth ER
Synthesis and store lipids
Structure of the cell wall
A rigid structure that surrounds cells in plants, algae and fungi. In plants and algae the cell wall is made up of cellulose but in fungi its made up of chitin
Function of cell wall
Mechanical strength - prevents cell from bursting
Allows water to pass along it
Structure of cell vacuole
Fluid filled sacs surrounded by a single membrane. His membrane is called the tonoplast
Function of vacuole
Sugar and amino acid found inside act a tempo food store
The pigment attracts pollinating insects
Structure of chloroplast
Surrounded by a double membrane, has a membrane inside called thylakoid membrane when stacked they form Grana. Grana have a large SA for the attachment of chlorophyll and enzymes
Function of chloroplast
Site of photosynthesis
Define eukaryotic
Cells that contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelle
