eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Question 1

what are prokaryotes?

Answer 1

• unicellular organisms, with two groups ; archaea & bacteria

Question 2

what are eukaryotes?

Answer 2

• unicellular or multicellular organisms, with 4 groups; protists, fungi, plants & animals.

Question 3

what do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have in common?

Answer 3

1. cells are surrounded and enclosed by a plasma membrane. the plasma membrane protects the cell and controls which substances move into and out of the cell.
2. cells are filled with a semifluid, jelly-like substance called cytosol. the cytosol and all its contents, other than the nucleus in eukaryotic cells are collectively known as cytoplasm.
3. cells contain ribosomes in the cytoplasm. these structures are composed of RNA and protein molecules. ribosomes make other proteins, in a process called protein synthesis.
4. cells contain DNA, the genetic material contained in one or more chromosomes and located in a nonmembrane bound nucleoid region in prokaryotes and a membrane-bound nucleus in eukaryotes.

Question 4

what are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Answer 4

DNA location: in prokaryotic cells, DNA is generally organised into a large ring and is found in the cytosol in a general area called the nucleoid region. plasmids are small rings of DNA that are also in the cytosol of prokaryotic cells. in eukaryotic cells, DNA is generally organised into linear chromosomes, chromosomes are found inside a membrane-bound nucleus. EC do not contain plasmids, DNA is also found in chloroplasts and mitochondria.
organelles : prokaryotic cells do not contain organelles while in eukaryotic cells, an organelle is a membrane bound structure that has a specific function, EC have a variety of organelles w/ diff specific structures & functions.
cell division: in PC, new cells are produced from existing cells by a process called binary fission, all new cells are genetically identical clones of the OG cell. in EC, new cells are produced from existing cells by one of two diff processes. Mitosis occurs within somatic cells (body cells), where one cell duplicates to form 2 identical cells. Meiosis occurs to form gametes, each gamete has 1/2 of the genetic info of the OG cell. two gametes combine to form a new organism.

Question 4

what are the 2 main types of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 4

plant cells and animal cells
- they both have a MB nucleus and MB organelles, plant cells have two additional features that animal cells do not.
- all plant cells have a cell wall, most have chloroplasts.

Question 5

what do eukaryotic cells consist of?

Answer 5

in animal cells;
nucleus, ribosome, plasma membrane, cytosol, microvilli, flagellum, membrane-bound organelles
in plant cells;
nucleus, ribosome, chloroplast, cytosol, cell wall, plasma membrane, membrane-bound organelles.

Question 6

what do prokaryotic cells consist of?

Answer 6

capsule, plasmid, flagellum, DNA, plasma membrane, cytosol, ribosomes