Eukaryotes & Prokaryotes // Animal / plant / bacteria

Question 1

In which organisms are Eukaryotic cells found in?

Answer 1

Eukaryotic cells are found in plants, animals, fungi and protists (single-celled organisms that don’t fit other categories.

Question 2

Eukaryotic cells size?

Answer 2

10-100 micrometres in size

Question 3

Prokaryotic cell size?

Answer 3

0.1 - 5.0 micrometre in size

Question 4

Example of an organisms that has prokaryotic cells?

Answer 4

Bacteria

Question 5

Key features of prokaryotic cells? (3)

Answer 5

> They don’t contain mitochondria (where respiration takes place)
They don’t have chloroplasts either (where photosynthesis takes place)
They don’t have a nucleus (where DNA is stored)

Question 6

Where are the genetic material stored in Prokaryotic cells?

Answer 6

> Their genetic material is stored in a single DNA loop in the cytoplasm (watery jelly that fills the cell

Question 7

Prokaryotic cells > DNA facts? (2) _ (Clue > Plasmids)

Answer 7

> Prokaryotic cells have one or more small rings of DNA, which are called plasmids
These plasmids can replicate (have copiers made) and move between cells so that genetic information can be stored

Question 8

Sub-cellular structures are things found in a cell. What sub-cellular structures does an animal cell contain? (and say a lil fact/ thingy ‘bout it)

Answer 8

> Cell membrane
< It separates the interior of the cell from the environment outside
< It is selectively permeable (it can control substances moving in and out of the cell)
Nucleus
< The control center of the cell
< It contains chromosomes (which contain the cell’s genetic material)
Ribosomes
< Ribosomes are responsible for synthesizing (making) protein
Mitochondria
< Produces energy
< Aerobic respiration (process which sugar and oxygen to release energy) releases energy in the mitochondria
Cytoplasm
< Cytoplasm is a jelly-like fluid that fills the cell
< It is where most of the cell’s chemical reactions take place.

Question 9

In addition to the sub-cellular structures found in an animal cell, what sub-cellular structures does a plant cell also have? (and say a lil fact/ thingy ‘bout it)

Answer 9

> Premanent vacuole
< A permanent vacuole is fluid-filled sac that stores water
< It is enclosed in a membrane (a wall that substances can pass through)
< It can make up as much as 90% of a plant cell’s volume
Chloroplasts
< Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which is needed for the process of photosynthesis.
Cell wall
< The cell wall surrounds the cell and is made of cellulose
< The cell wall increases the structural strength of the cell.

Question 10

What sub-cellular structures does a prokaryotic cell contain? (and say a lil fact/ thingy ‘bout it)

Answer 10

> Cell wall and cell membrane
< Bacterial cells contain a cell membrane and a cell wall, which provides structure
Ribosomes
< Responsible for making proteins
Cytoplasm
< Cytoplasm is a jelly-like fluid that fills the cell
< It is where most of the cell’s chemical reactions take place
Flagella
< Some bacteria have flagella
< These are whip-like structures used for movement
Plasmids
< Plasmids are small rings of DNA